Art by Medium: Mixed Media

A deep Expressionist landscape painting exploring the play of colours and hues found in the Welsh countryside. Rossiter handles his palette beautiful...

DNA is genetic information, hidden and encrypted in body fluids. Veiled data that we load, that we do not know and that someone knows how to decipher. Such specifications characteriz...

A meadow in Tuscany on a summer's evening at my friend's house, near Sestina. The heat of the day has left a balmy warmth and the low sun is casting long deep shadows across the wild...

Jim Rattenbury’s work is of our time, yet it is filled with signs from other eras, both distant pasts and distant futures. He creates marks on his works that are accessible to childr...

At Escat Gallery, we are committed to maintaining the highest standards of trust and professionalism for our collectors. Every artwork in our collection comes with a Certificate of A...

Impasto-painted strokes of bright colors are the framework of artist Shiri Phillips’ abstract artworks. Her paintings are flooded with texture through the layering of acrylic paint i...

Petra Rös-Nickel’s original paintings merge playful forms, bright colors and architectural compositions in oil and mixed media on canvas. Her contemporary artworks contain rich textu...

Esta obra de arte es un collage ingenioso que combina magistralmente colores vibrantes y formas geométricas para crear una experiencia visual dinámica. Dominando la composición se en...

Guided by her passion for life and her spirit, French Canadian painter Zabel creates vibrant artworks filled with romance and immersive textures. With a belief that art is all about ...

This minimalist layered painting is by David Skillicorn. Hw began his career as a documentary filmmaker and is a self-taught artist. His process is one of applying paint liberally, c...

Los Angeles artist Amber Goldhammer paints dramatic abstract compositions in acrylic on canvas featuring energetic brushstrokes. Goldhammer uses her contemporary paintings to express...

Swiss artist Edith Konrad paints figurative abstract compositions with mixed media on canvas. She layers her expression of her emotional response to the subjects with dynamic texture...

Len Klikunas paints minimalist artworks to modify experienced reality through visual perception. The Blocks series is a mix of art and architecture, hovering between painting and scu...

Ana Hefco's (US based) "Ocean Waves #10" is an original, hand made mixed media painting that depicts an abstracted color field of blue, teal and beige, that is reminiscent of an aeri...

Works on Paper About the Artist: Julie Schumer, a native of Los Angeles, California, and born in 1954, lives and paints in Santa Fe, New Mexico. She discovered her love of abstract ...

Anne Johnstone’s “Cotton Candy Interference” is an acrylic painting on cradled board with collage. The 24 x 24 x 1.5 inch abstract painting with swirling pastel pinks, purples, and b...

Days spent watching the rhythm of summer waves and surf gently lapping harbour walls inspired this acrylic on canvas painting by Camilla Clark. The gorge...

Belgian artist Greet Helsen masterfully layers acrylic paint with the effervescent transparency of watercolors in her large mixed-media abstract paintings. Reminiscent of abstract ex...

Khoury's art is characterized by her masterful use of vivid fluorescent colors, dark tones, and high-contrast compositions that are both striking and visually compelling. She employs a variety of techniques, including thick and thin brushstrokes, to create a sense of depth and texture in her work. To balance the roughness of the canvas, which is treated with sand prior to starting each piece, Sally incorporates pastels, which add a softness to the overall texture of the painting. The sand is evenly sprinkled across the surface, giving each piece a unique and distinct texture. This large, fluorescent, colorful 59-inch high by 108-inch wide triptych painting is an acrylic paint composition on canvas with pastels, spray paint, and sand. Each segment measures 59 inches high by 36 inches wide. This abstract artwork is signed by the artist on the front of the artwork. The sides are a continuation of the painting and it does not require framing. Free local Los Angeles area delivery. Convenient U.S. and global shipping are available. A certificate of authenticity issued by the art gallery is included. Khoury's series of abstract paintings is a celebration of her connection to her parent's native language and the Arab world she grew up in. Through the incorporation of elements of Arabic writing, Khoury infuses her work with a unique charm and energy that captivates the viewer. The curves and lines that make up the language are emphasized and transformed into vibrant, colorful patterns that represent a mix of emotions and memories. Each painting is a visual representation of the sense of belonging that Khoury feels through the language and culture of her upbringing. Khoury begins her creative process by using pastels, spray paint, and acrylics to create scratches and marks on the canvas. As she works, she draws inspiration from Arabic words and phrases, using them to guide the direction of her strokes. Before the paint dries, Khoury scrapes it off, pulling it downwards towards the end of the canvas. To complete the composition, Khoury adds solid colors and meticulously placed drips of paint, which give the painting a sense of movement and depth. The result is a series of captivating abstract paintings that showcase Khoury's talent as an artist and her unique artistic vision. Khoury was born in Ohio following her family’s emigration from Lebanon. Shortly after her birth, her family moved to Saudi Arabia, where she stayed until she was 14. Sally then attended high school and college in Beirut, where she graduated with a BA in Fine Arts with distinction from the Lebanese American University of Beirut. In 2013, she moved back to the United States and settled in California. She recently relocated to Qatar. Her paintings have been featured in group and solo shows in Beirut, Dubai, Italy, and the USA. REPRESENTATION Artspace Warehouse, Los Angeles, USA EXHIBITIONS 2022 Artspace Warehouse, Los Angeles, CA Artspace Warehouse, Los Angeles, CA 2021 Affordable Art Fair New York, NY Artspace Warehouse, Los Angeles, CA 2020 LA Art Show, CA 2020 Art Palm Springs, CA 2019 Affordable Art Fair Hong Kong 2019 Affordable Art Fair New York 2019 Artspace Warehouse, Los Angeles, CA 2018 "Colored Whipped Cream," Artspace Warehouse, Los Angeles, CA 2018 Threshold Art Gallery, Los Angeles, CA 2018 484 North Gallery, Laguna Beach 2013 Beirut Art...

Roxane is an Atlanta-based, multi-disciplinary artist. Originally from the Midwest, she was influenced by the Native American spiritual sensibilities and respect for the Earth she en...

Exploring the purity of the feminine form and the drama of French haute couture, artist Cindy Shaoul creates a dialogue between the figurative and the abstract. Her spirited composit...

De Bruycker was born in Ghent, Belgium but has lived and worked in Santa Fe, NM for the past 30 years until his passing in July 2015. In addition to oil paint, De Bruycker also uses asphalt, gesso and cobalt drier on canvas. De Bruycker took an intuitive, process-oriented approach to his work, which he described as “emotive and fluid”. His abstract color forms were created with a palette composed of what he defined as “internal emotional” colors. De Bruycker was honored with the prestigious Visual Artist Fellowship Grant from the National Endowment for the Arts and has paintings in the permanent collections of the New Mexico Art...

This abstract work captures a strong sense of movement and inner tension. Contrasting strokes and traces create the feeling of energy frozen in a moment. The composition balances spo...

"Shibumi VI-6 is American abstract artist John Baughman's 2003 mixed media artwork. It is titled, signed, and dated lower right. 36" x 22 1/2" art 45" x 31 3/4" framed Baughman is a mixed media artist who is influenced by the work of Mark Rothko and Conrad Marcarelli...

Middle Ground Oil, bitumen, graphite, marble powder, burlap on canvas 48" X 60" I am a visual artist whose work investigates small and large -scale abstraction primarily in the medi...

A rare opportunity to own a very unique and special painting by the late Svetlana Shalygina. This piece is titled "Straightforward" and it sure makes a statement from every angle. It...

This 36" x 36" abstract mixed media painting is by Washington state artist, Janice Tayler. This painting exhibits a dynamic interplay of color, texture, and composition characteristi...

The paintings of Bruce Rubenstein seamlessly marry sophistication with affordability. His original art merges the creative attitudes of the two distinct art hot spots of New York and Los Angeles. Rubenstein's work has a rigid edge and strong composition but maintains organic shapes and soft colors as well. His works have a character that brightens a space. His paintings pull from abstract expressionism and cubism but maintain a contemporary edge that strikes the viewer. His work seems collectively new and timeless at once. This one-of-a-kind 31.5 inch square and 1.5 inch deep artwork is a mixed media composition on canvas. It is stretched, wired, and ready to hang. This large abstract painting is signed by the artist on the front and back of the artwork. The sides are painted and it does not require framing. Free local Los Angeles area delivery. Affordable Continental U.S. and worldwide shipping available. Provenance: Artplex Gallery. A certificate of authenticity issued by the art gallery is included. While the artist has chosen to keep the price upon request, this captivating piece embodies both sophistication and exceptional value. Bruce Rubenstein specializes in large-scale artworks, using huge canvases to tell his stories. Born and raised in New York, he moved to Los Angeles in 1985. His mixed media artworks defy categorization, blending abstract forms and organic shapes with subtle hints of figures and symbols. Adrien Brody and Mickey Rourke are among Rubenstein’s collectors. Bruce Rubenstein’s artistic influences include artists from Joan Miró and Jean Arp to Gerhard Richter and Pablo Picasso. “He is an artist, and that means someone who cannot restrain the flow of ideas,” says author David Rodgers. “He is someone who they just burst out of, who cannot help but communicate, and who sees no reason to stop. He’s a man not limited by media to communicate the stories that he needs to (and must) tell, through any medium he feels necessary.” His works are represented by Artplex Gallery Los Angeles and have been exhibited and collected worldwide, including exhibitions in Austria and Israel. REPRESENTATION Artplex Gallery, Los Angeles, USA EXHIBITIONS 2023 Artplex Gallery, Los Angeles, CA Beijing Contemporary Art Expo Crossing Art Collective Beijing, China 2022 Shenzhen Art Fair, Shenzhen, China Westbund Art Fair, Shanghai, China MAC Fine Art, Power Painters, Delray, FL Westbund Art & Design, Shanghai, China (solo) Context Art Miami, Miami, FL (solo) Crossing Art Gallery, NYC, NY (solo) 2021 “Space Time Fragments,” Artspace Warehouse, Los Angeles, CA MAC Fine Art, Fort Lauderdale, FL MAC Fine Art, Jupiter, FL MAC Fine Art, Miami, FL (solo) 2020 MAC Fine Art, Fort Lauderdale, FL Wynwood Art Festival, Miami, FL Artspace Gallery, Los Angeles, CA MAC Fine Art, Fort Lauderdale, FL (solo) Gottling Gallery, Palm Springs, CA (solo) Castelli Art Space, Culver City, CA (solo) 2019 MAC Fine Art, Jupiter, FL Artspace Gallery, Los Angeles, CA Palm Springs Art Fair, Palm Springs, CA Glenn Dallas Gallery, Santa Barbara, CA (solo) Castelli Art Space, Culver City, CA (solo) 2019 MAC Fine Art, Fort Lauderdale, FL (solo) 2018 Affordable Art Fair, New York City, NY “How to Make Memories,” Artspace Warehouse, Los Angeles, CA Palm Springs Art Fair, Palm Springs, CA 2017 “Above and Below the Clouds,” Artspace Warehouse, Los Angeles, CA Shockboxx Gallery, Hermosa Beach, CA The Dina Collection, Beverly Hills, CA 2016 Group Show, St. Peter in der Au, Austria 2015 Henry Fonda Theatre, Hollywood, CA Veterans Memorial Building, Park City, UT 2012 The Kodak Center, Hollywood, CA 2011 Stark Kikuchi Gallery, Venice, CA 2010 The Kamur Group Gallery, Tel Aviv, Israel Stark Kikuchi Gallery, Venice, CA 2009 Stark Kikuchi Gallery, Venice CA 2008 Stark Kikuchi Gallery, Venice, CA 2007 MoCA Hot Springs, Hot Springs, AK 2004 The Hunter Gallery, Hollywood, CA 2002 Stark Kikuchi Gallery, Venice, CA 2001 Designer Services Group, Culver City, CA 1997 L.A. Lofts, Hollywood, CA 1995 Galerie Tatou, Beverly Hills, CA 1994 Todd Gordon Gallery, Los Angeles, CA 1993 Todd Gordon Gallery, Los Angeles, CA 1992 Market Street Gallery, Venice, CA SELECTED PRIVATE COLLECTORS Arnold Schwarzenegger, Beverly Hills, CA Maria Shriver, Beverly Hills, CA Adrien Brody, Beverly Hills, CA Paul Marciano, Beverly Hills, CA Yossi Dina, Malibu, CA Christina Tosi, Brooklyn, NY Mickey Rourke, Brooklyn, NY Andrew Dice Clay, Sherman Oaks, CA Jules Haimovitz, Beverly Hills, CA Tom Jones, Beverly Hills, CA Mr. & Mrs. Emerson Glazer, Beverly Hills, CA Meshulam Riklis, Tel Aviv, Israel Reuven Oded, Palm Beach, FL Nancy Ganz, East Hampton, NY Autumn Reeser, Los Angeles, CA Doug Ellin, Beverly Hills, CA Rob Weiss, Hollywood Hills, CA Angus Mitchell, Beverly Hills, CA Terence Trent D’Arby, Los Angeles, CA Randy Spendlove, Beverly Hills, CA Steve Ferraro, Los Angeles, CA David & Nancy First, Long Island, NY Steve Glazer, Westwood, CA Ben Stark & Michelle Kikuchi, Culver City, CA Dani Brener, Tel Aviv, Israel Jim Campbell, Dallas, TX Thomas Ming, Dallas, TX¬¬ Sam & Orit Messica, Beverly Hills, CA Ron Fair, Los Angeles, CA Kenneth & Mimi Griswold, Hollywood, CA¬¬ Mark Lamonica, Alta Dena, CA Paul Shulze, NYC, NY Richard Goldstein, Beverly Hills, CA Howard & Leanne Kay, Boca Raton, FL Ari & Hani Fisher, Beverly Hills, CA Richard Lawson & Tina Knowles, Los Angeles, CA Claude & Helene Roux, Cannes, France Marco Flamenbaum, Paris, France SELECTED PUBLIC & CORPORATE COLLECTIONS Los Angeles Modern Auctions, Van Nuys, CA (sold) MoCA Hot Springs Kamor Ltd. Tel Aviv, Israel The Foundation for Living Beauty, Pasadena, CA Sharp & Associates, Los Angeles, CA Kodak Center, Hollywood, CA Wolfgang Puck, Hollywood, CA Henry Fonda Theatre, Hollywood, CA Veterans Memorial Bldg., Park City, Utah Guess Inc., Hollywood, CA The Highlands, Hollywood, CA PRESS 2009 Cover Story, Weekend Edition Maarive 2008 Ed McCormack, Art Critic, Studio & Gallery Magazine 2007 Pamela Sharp, Grand Tour 2004 Weekend Edition, Maarive 2001 Detour Magazine 2017 Mural commissioned by Google and LVA, Louisville, KY 2012 La Boca del Lobo...

Alexander Eulert's original mixed media paintings on wood panels are abstract propositions of worlds where divergent forces coalesce into harmonious geometric interactions. He draws ...

Pastel pigment on cork

Abstract creation. Vibrant colors. Made completely of legos. About the Artist: Joseph Kraham is an "engineering artist". He combines thousands o...

Exploring the purity of the feminine form and the drama of French haute couture, artist Cindy Shaoul creates a dialogue between the figurative and the abstract. Her spirited composit...

​"My passion for the vestiges of aged surfaces that inspires my painting has been influenced by my travels in Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Mexico, Russia, and Sweden." --...

Community Triptych (Abstract painting) Mixed media on canvas - Unframed "This artwork is exclusive to IdeelArt. A triptych. Each piece size: 1. 32 x 24 cm / 12.6 x 9.4 in 2. 35 x 29 cm / 13.7 x 11.4 in 3. 30 x 24 cm / 11.8 x 9.4 in Basterra's abstract expressionist approach to painting is a response to her environment, nature, and gestural movement. A text-based practice of journaling and communing with nature provides a foundation for her empathy and biophilia. Always researching her interests, she does not premeditate a composition. She starts working on a painting and thoughts come to her during and after the work is completed. She absorbs her environment and works from an internal subconscious. Clarice Lispector...

Anne Johnstone’s "Rocket Box" is a 12 x 12 inch mixed media collage on board incorporates layered newspaper clippings and fragments of text to shape a box being propelled through spa...

Petra Rös-Nickel’s original paintings merge playful forms, bright colors, and architectural compositions in oil and mixed media on canvas. Her contemporary artworks contain rich textures and patterns, referencing popular European textile designs of the fifties and sixties. Rös-Nickel’s work translates the geometric and organic elements of an era that hoisted the flags of modernism and which, due to a trend to return to a rather retro style, has become topical once more. This 66-inch high by 39-inch wide contemporary oil painting on canvas is wired and ready to hang. This artwork is double wired and may be installed vertically or horizontally. The sides of this artwork are painted and it does not require framing. Free local Los Angeles area delivery. Affordable U.S. and global shipping are available. A certificate of authenticity issued by the art gallery is included. Petra was born 1963 in Wathlingen near Celle, Germany, and breaks completely new ground with her abstract forms of painting and expression. After studying fashion design at the professional school for clothing in Bremen, 1980, Petra Rös-Nickel changed her field of study to architecture in Eckernförde, 1982. She now lives in Hamburg, Germany. Preferring the creative aspects of the studies to the technical ones, the artist developed the basics of her painting, never denying the roots of applied design and soon ending in a refreshing, distinctive style. Petra Rös-Nickel experiments with form, along with the use of a technique that draws attention to the processes used in creating a painting. Essential is the color space presented in multiple layers that offers the beholder access to more profound color planes. These details, scratchings, and rubbings lead to various elements of tension, such as “patchwork” or harmonious-contemplative forms (“windows”) and “oscillating lines”. Rös-Nickel's modernist paintings develop an energetic impact on the space they‘re displayed in, conveying her joy of life and self-confidence. Her abstract geometric textured...

With layers of bright oils, whisking brush strokes, and thrown paint, Shaoul captures a love story through her paint pallet and abstract expression. The artist explores something new...

"Reflection" (2008) is an original, handmade mixed media painting, by Jennifer Bobola, that presents colorful abstract expressionism. Artist Statement: Let’s be honest, understandin...

Marta Muszynska graduated from the University of Technology in Cracow, with the major in Architecture and Urban Design (Master of Architecture). In addition, she holds the Certificat...

Torn Layered Papers Collage

Ana Hefco's (US based) "Ocean Waves #09" is an original, hand made mixed media painting that depicts an abstracted color field of blue, teal and beige, that is reminiscent of an aerial/satellite image of a coastal beach where the waves crash on shore. Artist Bio and Statement: Born and raised in Bucharest Romania, I am a self-taught dreamer and artist. To dream is my path and to paint is my dream. Lack of control is not my strong suit, but in the painting process things are different. The resin (also known as liquid glass) has a mind of its own and I learn to mindfully let go every time I paint. I allow those liquid color induced emotions I feel to drive me and take lead of my hands and at the end of the process, it’s just music and bliss. My inspiration is always nature's force, balance, perfection in purpose and beauty. It can be a place I travelled or sailed to or just a feeling floating on our boat docked in a Turkish marina or just on anchor nearby a Greek taverna on a remote tiny island in the Mediterranean or Aegean Sea. It can be this artist as a little girl reading...

This piece is a bold display of Eozen Agopian's structurally strong pieces, with an intense color of Blue and green and pops of blue, red and white, mimi...

​"My passion for the vestiges of aged surfaces that inspires my painting has been influenced by my travels in Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Mexico, Russia, and Sweden." --...

​"My passion for the vestiges of aged surfaces that inspires my painting has been influenced by my travels in Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Mexico, Russia, and Sweden." --...

Artist Len Klikunas paints to modify experienced reality through visual perception. His art is a mix of art and architecture, hovering between painting and sculpture. It employs shiz...

This painting deals the color of blood and blood in itself as a metaphor for catharsis. There have been many literature metaphors for growth of a flower out of spilt blood. To me, th...

Mexican artist Heny Steinberg’s abstracted landscapes invite us to travel from the map to the localized event. The shapes within Steinberg’s work transcend two dimensional representa...

Title: Untitled (2002) Artist: Deyan Valkov Date of Birth: 1974 Style: Abstract Material-Expressionism Technique: Oil and mixed media on canvas Dimensions: 25.6 x 21.3 inches Conditi...

The paintings of Bruce Rubenstein seamlessly marry sophistication with affordability. His original art merges the creative attitudes of the two distinct art hot spots of New York and Los Angeles. Rubenstein's work has a rigid edge and strong composition but maintains organic shapes and soft colors as well. His works have a character that brightens a space. His paintings pull from abstract expressionism and cubism but maintain a contemporary edge that strikes the viewer. His work seems collectively new and timeless at once. This large affordable one-of-a-kind 40 inch square and 2.25 inch deep artwork is a mixed media composition on canvas. It is stretched, wired, and ready to hang. This large abstract painting is signed by the artist on the front and back of the artwork. The sides are painted and it does not require framing. Free local Los Angeles area delivery. Affordable Continental U.S. and worldwide shipping available. Provenance: Artplex Gallery. A certificate of authenticity issued by the art gallery is included. While the artist has chosen to keep the price upon request, this captivating piece embodies both sophistication and exceptional value. Bruce Rubenstein specializes in large-scale artworks, using huge canvases to tell his stories. Born and raised in New York, he moved to Los Angeles in 1985. His mixed media artworks defy categorization, blending abstract forms and organic shapes with subtle hints of figures and symbols. Adrien Brody and Mickey Rourke are among Rubenstein’s collectors. Bruce Rubenstein’s artistic influences include artists from Joan Miró and Jean Arp to Gerhard Richter and Pablo Picasso. “He is an artist, and that means someone who cannot restrain the flow of ideas,” says author David Rodgers. “He is someone who they just burst out of, who cannot help but communicate, and who sees no reason to stop. He’s a man not limited by media to communicate the stories that he needs to (and must) tell, through any medium he feels necessary.” His works are represented by Artplex Gallery Los Angeles and have been exhibited and collected worldwide, including exhibitions in Austria and Israel. REPRESENTATION Artplex Gallery, Los Angeles, USA EXHIBITIONS 2023 Artplex Gallery, Los Angeles, CA Beijing Contemporary Art Expo Crossing Art Collective Beijing, China 2022 Shenzhen Art Fair, Shenzhen, China Westbund Art Fair, Shanghai, China MAC Fine Art, Power Painters, Delray, FL Westbund Art & Design, Shanghai, China (solo) Context Art Miami, Miami, FL (solo) Crossing Art Gallery, NYC, NY (solo) 2021 “Space Time Fragments,” Artspace Warehouse, Los Angeles, CA MAC Fine Art, Fort Lauderdale, FL MAC Fine Art, Jupiter, FL MAC Fine Art, Miami, FL (solo) 2020 MAC Fine Art, Fort Lauderdale, FL Wynwood Art Festival, Miami, FL Artspace Gallery, Los Angeles, CA MAC Fine Art, Fort Lauderdale, FL (solo) Gottling Gallery, Palm Springs, CA (solo) Castelli Art Space, Culver City, CA (solo) 2019 MAC Fine Art, Jupiter, FL Artspace Gallery, Los Angeles, CA Palm Springs Art Fair, Palm Springs, CA Glenn Dallas Gallery, Santa Barbara, CA (solo) Castelli Art Space, Culver City, CA (solo) 2019 MAC Fine Art, Fort Lauderdale, FL (solo) 2018 Affordable Art Fair, New York City, NY “How to Make Memories,” Artspace Warehouse, Los Angeles, CA Palm Springs Art Fair, Palm Springs, CA 2017 “Above and Below the Clouds,” Artspace Warehouse, Los Angeles, CA Shockboxx Gallery, Hermosa Beach, CA The Dina Collection, Beverly Hills, CA 2016 Group Show, St. Peter in der Au, Austria 2015 Henry Fonda Theatre, Hollywood, CA Veterans Memorial Building, Park City...

CAMILLA CLARK - My abstract paintings are often an expression of a feeling or an emotion and using the paint to describe on the canvas. The dance of shape, line and the contrast of m...

Kim Fonder loves texture and touch. Her paintings and furniture reflect her infatuation with these two characteristics. From the materials Fonder selects, to the way she crafts each ...

Impasto-painted strokes of bright colors are the framework of artist Shiri Phillips’ abstract artworks. Her paintings are flooded with texture through the layering of acrylic paint i...

"Nile Delta II" Abstract Mixed Media Painting 96" x 48" inch by Ibrahim Khatab Ibrahim Khatab was born in Cairo 1984, works as a co-teacher in Cairo University, he mixes between pai...

Bernhard Zimmer has created a positive stir at major international art fairs (Art Basel, Kunst Köln, etc.). His lively and mysterious compositions pique the taste of the serious art ...

Motivated by bold color and fast brushwork, we are moved by the simplicity and thick textured oil paints in these works. Shaoul’s “My Heart Collection” is a vibrant and energetic dis...

DNA is genetic information, hidden and encrypted in body fluids. Veiled data that we load, that we do not know and that someone knows how to decipher. Such specifications characteriz...