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Attributed to Dominic Serres
HMS Chatham off the coast of America
1780

$24,805.31List Price

About the Item

Attributed to Dominic Serres RA 1722–1793 HMS Chatham off the coast of America Oil on canvas Image size: 39 ½ x 28 inches Framed The Chatham was a 50-gun two-decker (4th-rate), built at Portsmouth in 1758 (main deck 22 x 24 pounder, upper deck 22 x 12 pounder, quarterdeck 4 x 6 pounder, foclse 2 x 6 pounder). The ship fought under Hawke at the Battle of Quiberon Bay, 20 November 1759, and was in the East Indies in 1760-64. It then went to the Leeward Islands in 1766-69 as flagship of Thomas Pye, and was there again in 1772-75 as flagship of William Parry. Chatham sailed from Plymouth on 20/21 October 1775 for North America under Captain J. Raynor as flagship of Molyneux Shuldham, who had been promoted from captain to Rear-Admiral of the White on 31 March, with orders to join Admiral Lord Howe, the British naval commander based at New York, in operations against the growing American rebellion. In that rank his ‘squadronal colour’ would have been a white St George flag worn on the mizzen mast, with matching white ensign, as shown in the painting. The ship arrived in Nantasket Roads, Boston, on 30 December 1775. On 3 January 1776 it moved into Boston Harbour where it remained, or in the King Road there, or Nantasket Roads until 27/28 March. It then sailed in convoy for the British northern base of Halifax, Nova Scotia, where it arrived on 2 April. After remaining there until 9 June it sailed for New York and arrived at Sandy Hook on 29th, then anchored off Staten Island from 3 July until 17 September, when it moved up to New York. The relevant records end in mid-October and are the logs of two of its lieutenants: Christopher Mason, the first lieutenant (later himself a Vice-Admiral of the White) and Robert Sutton.Rear-Admiral Shuldham was one of a tranche of flag-officers further promoted on 5 February 1776, in his group’s case from Rear-Admiral of the White to Vice-Admiral of the Blue: he was also granted an Irish barony in June 1776. It is likely that he would have received news in America of his naval promotion by about the end of March or in early April 1776, after which he would have worn a plain blue flag on his foremast as appropriate to a Vice-Admiral of that squadron, and a blue ensign.This suggests that the painting ought to show Boston, as the apparent presence of transport ships with large numbers of men, and in a boat at centre (and many in red coats) may also suggest: i.e. troopers, since the log books show there was a great deal of rebel and other gunfire going on around there. The Battle of Bunker Hill was fought (in fact on Breed’s Hill) just outside Boston in 1775. If it is Boston, however, it must be geographically compressed in some way as there is not a fortified island so close in on the left. Unfortunately, while the logs mention various other named naval vessels coming and going, they do not generally name merchantmen other than as ‘Transports’ and we have found no mention of a ‘Dutches[s] of Russia / Rumbria’ which is the other named (merchant) vessel. One would have to get into deeper archive research for any hope of that. The town is far too developed, however, and with too many churches to be Halifax NS so it must be intended as either Boston or New York, and by the time Shuldham arrived at the latter at the end of June 1776 he should have been flying blue at the fore, not white at the mizzen. So options are (1) Boston and (2, though less likely) New York but with the same caveat about the compressed topography. The American Declaration of Independence was of course signed in Philadelphia on 4 July 1776, and was immediately published there as what is called the Larpent broadside (i.e. as an ephemeral sheet for distribution, Larpent – ). Some days later Shuldham, having arrived off New York on the 3rd, had one of his clerks copy it out and sent the MS copy back to the Admiralty in England by the first mail packet, with a covering note saying the ‘treasonable’ document –presumably in the Larpent or some other printed version - had just reached New York from Philadelphia. The National Maritime Museum has that clerk’s copy and Shuldham’s covering note in the Sandwich papers (Lord Sandwich being First Lord of the Admiralty at the time) and it is probably the first copy of the Declaration to reach London. The Chatham lasted almost through the later Anglo-French wars of 1793-1815, on harbour service from about 1810 and renamed Tilbury, and was broken up at Chatham in 1814.Shuldham died when British naval commander at Lisbon, late in 1798. His coffined body was sent home for burial in the 74-gun Colossus, which called there when homeward bound carrying wounded from Nelson’s victory at the Nile (1 August 1798). It was also, courtesy of Nelson, carrying back from Naples Sir William Hamilton’s second large collection of Etruscan and Greek antiquities, mainly classical vases. The ship was in poor condition and was wrecked on Samson in the Isles of Scilly after dragging its anchors there and Hamilton lamented that the initial salvage efforts were directed at recovering Shuldham’s body: this, he wrote, was ‘of no use but to worms, whereas my collection would have provided information for the most learned'. We thank Dr Pieter van der Merwe MBE, DL for this fascinating information

Creator:
Attributed to Dominic Serres
Creation Year:
1780
Dimensions:
Height: 28 in (71.12 cm)Width: 40 in (101.6 cm)
Medium:
Oil
Movement Style:
Old Masters
Period:
1780-1789
Condition:
Gallery Location:
London, GB
Reference Number:
1stDibs: LU5245967452

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