IAN HORNAK (1944–2002)
Title: Hannah’s Mirror, Rembrandt’s Three Trees Transformed Into The Expulsion From Eden
Date: 1978
Medium: Acrylic on Canvas
Dimensions: 60 x 120 inches (152.4 x 304.8 cm)
Condition: Excellent
Inscription: Signed, dated, and titled by the artist
Provenance: Estate of Ian Hornak, East Hampton, New York
Exhibitions: Fischbach Gallery, New York, NY, 1978–1983; Forest Lawn Museum, Glendale, CA, 2012; Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Washington D.C., 2012–13; Washington County Museum of Fine Arts, Hagerstown, MD, 2013; Anton Art Center, Mount Clemens, MI, 2014
Publications: Adan, Joan. "Transparent Barricades: Ian Hornak, A Retrospective," exhibition catalogue, Forest Lawn Museum, Glendale, California, May 2012. Phillips, Stephen Bennett. "Ian Hornak: Transparent Barricades," exhibition catalogue, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Fine Art Program, Washington D.C., 2012.
This monumental painting by Ian Hornak, titled Hannah’s Mirror, Rembrandt’s Three Trees Transformed Into The Expulsion From Eden, stands among the most significant works of the Photorealist and Hyperrealist movements and is the largest known painting of Hornak’s career. Created in 1978, this vast masterpiece represents the culmination of Hornak’s pioneering multiple-exposure series and his lifelong pursuit of merging empirical precision with metaphysical vision. Incorporating over twenty distinct exposures and encompassing the entire spectrum of light from dawn through dusk, the painting redefines both landscape and realism as meditations on time, exile, and transcendence. The panoramic composition unfolds as an immersive symphony of skies, clouds, trees, and water, all rendered with Hornak’s characteristic luminosity and technical precision. Each exposure captures a unique temporal moment—morning mist dissolving into daylight, dusk descending into the violet hush of evening—fused into a single continuum of light and consciousness. The title, Hannah’s Mirror, alludes to reflection in both physical and philosophical senses: the mirror of water and atmosphere, but also the mirror of the mind that perceives them. By referencing Rembrandt’s The Three Trees, Hornak situates his work in dialogue with art history while transforming Rembrandt’s moral chiaroscuro into an ecstatic vision of light, rebirth, and renewal. His reimagining of the Expulsion from Eden speaks not of punishment, but of awakening—the realization of human self-awareness and the longing to reunite with the divine through vision. Technically, the painting exemplifies Hornak’s mastery of acrylics, with transparent glazes and superimposed exposures that produce a spectral depth akin to photography yet animated by the tactile presence of brush and pigment. His color orchestration moves from radiant golds and silvers to deep ultramarines and violets, forming a chromatic cycle that mirrors the human experience of consciousness itself. Conceptually, the work transcends Photorealism, fusing scientific observation with spiritual inquiry; the multiple exposures function as metaphors for the layered nature of memory and perception. The overlapping imagery of clouds and reflections suggests the simultaneity of time, the coexistence of past, present, and future in one eternal moment. The expulsion theme becomes an allegory for human estrangement from nature and its potential reconciliation through awareness. When first exhibited in New York, Hannah’s Mirror was recognized as a pivotal work in late twentieth-century realism, combining the precision of photographic logic with the metaphysical grandeur of Romantic painting. Subsequent institutional exhibitions—including the Forest Lawn Museum, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, and the Washington County Museum of Fine Arts—further established its reputation as one of the defining achievements of Hornak’s career. Philosophically, it may be read as a meditation on perception and redemption, where light becomes the vehicle of transcendence and art the mirror through which humanity glimpses its divine origin. Uniting the visionary scope of Turner and Friedrich with the technical mastery of Vermeer and the conceptual rigor of modern realism, Hannah’s Mirror endures as Hornak’s magnum opus—a visual revelation that transforms the act of seeing into a form of grace, and the painted image into a luminous reflection of the eternal.
Ian Hornak (1944–2002) was an American draughtsman, painter, and printmaker. He was one of the founding artists of the Hyperrealist and Photorealist fine art movements, credited with having been the first Photorealist artist to incorporate the effect of multiple exposure photography into his landscape paintings, which foreshadowed the prevalence of digital manipulation in painting and photography, and the first contemporary artist to entirely expand the imagery of his primary paintings onto the frames. His brilliant fusion of technical precision, poetic imagination, and visionary detail positioned him among the most accomplished and conceptually innovative painters of the postwar era. Born in Philadelphia and raised in Michigan, Hornak became a key figure in the development of Photorealism and later Hyperrealism, producing luminous landscapes, intricate floral still lifes, and dreamlike multi-exposure compositions that elevate realism beyond the photographic into the spiritual and psychological. Drawing on the breakthroughs of Pablo Picasso, Alexander Calder, Alberto Giacometti, Salvador Dali, Joan Miro, Wassily Kandinsky, Marcel Duchamp, and Man Ray, he synthesized the lessons of Cubism, Surrealism, and high Modernism with a rigorously classical technique rooted in Renaissance glazing and Dutch-Flemish draftsmanship. He openly admired the visual intelligence of the Golden Age masters—Rembrandt van Rijn, Johannes Vermeer, Peter Paul Rubens, Anthony van Dyck, Jan van Eyck, Frans Hals, Jacob Jordaens, Pieter Bruegel the Elder, Jan Steen, and Aelbert Cuyp—whose mastery of light, atmosphere, and symbolic detail profoundly shaped his aesthetic. At the same time, he moved in New York circles that included Pop and contemporary artists—Andy Warhol, Roy Lichtenstein, Robert Rauschenberg, Jasper Johns, Alex Katz, Lowell Nesbitt, and Willem de Kooning—positioning him at the crossroads of realism, abstraction, and conceptual exploration. Hornak’s paintings have been acquired by and exhibited at respected institutions, including the Smithsonian Institution’s National Museum of American Art, the Smithsonian Institution’s National Museum of American History, the Library of Congress, the Corcoran Gallery of Art, the Detroit Institute of Arts, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, the Albrecht-Kemper Museum of Art, the Allen Memorial Art Museum, the Austin Museum of Art, the Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, the Canton Museum of Art, the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, the Hood Museum of Art at Dartmouth College, the Detroit Historical Museum, the Flint Institute of Arts, the Forest Lawn Museum, Galleria Internazionale, The George Washington University Art Galleries, Guild Hall, the Children’s Hospital Boston (Harvard Medical School affiliate), the Kinsey Institute for Research in Sex, Gender and Reproduction, the Long Island Museum of American Art, History, and Carriages, the National Czech
Slovak Museum
Library, the National Hellenic Museum, the Ringling College of Art and Design, the Rockford Art Museum, the Jane Voorhees Zimmerli Art Museum at Rutgers University, the Florida State Capitol, St. Mary’s University, Texas, The Art Gallery at the University of Maryland, the University of Texas at San Antonio, the Frances Lehman Loeb Art Center at Vassar College, and the Washington County Museum of Fine Arts. This wide institutional recognition attests to Hornak’s significance as a major American painter whose technical mastery and conceptual depth have earned enduring scholarly and curatorial attention. His paintings are distinguished by jewel-like surfaces, luminous transparency, and an exceptional command of layered color and form, and his technique—often extending the painted image beyond its traditional boundaries with illusionistic frames and architectural motifs—has had a lasting impact on generations of realist, botanical, and hyperrealist artists who continue to explore the psychological and perceptual complexities of visual experience. Celebrated during his lifetime for uniting Old Master craftsmanship with late-20th-century visual culture, Hornak remains a pivotal figure in American realism. In 2017, a painting by Ian Hornak created in 1988, Large Orchid Bouquet, was sold in a private transaction to the Van Andel family, the co-owners of Amway, for 165,000 USD (219,168.11 USD, calculated for inflation in 2025), setting the record for the highest price paid for a floral painting by the artist.
Keywords: Ian Hornak painting, Photorealism, Hyperrealism, American Realism, multiple exposure painting, Rembrandt reinterpretation, East Hampton artist, 1970s American painting, acrylic landscape, monumental art, Photorealist masterwork, contemporary realism, Postwar American art, collectible American art.