Richard Serra

Double Level I

2009

Minimalist sculptor Richard Serra, who was based between New York City and Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, may be described as the art world’s father of steel. He was particularly renowned for monumental arcs, spirals and ellipses made from massive sheets of oxidized CorTen steel, which occupy large interior and exterior spaces and dwarf visitors who wander through them, like abstract mazes. The most famous of these works is his "Torqued Ellipse" series, begun in 1966 and inspired by a Baroque 17th-century Roman church.

These site-specific sculptures, whose parts are manufactured in Germany, can be found from King City, Ontario, and the Netherlands, to the Storm King Art Center and Dia: Beacon, both in Upstate New York.

Before turning to steel, Serra produced abstract sculptures from nontraditional materials — fiberglass, rubber or molten lead — which he splashed or threw in their liquid states against the walls of studios or exhibition spaces, recording their shapes and angles. He also worked in video and performance art, producing a number of films that address the manufacture and use of his signature material: steel.

Beginning in 1971, Serra produced large-scale drawings that related to or were inspired by completed sculptures. Made with ink, charcoal, lithographic crayon or paintstick on handmade paper or linen, such works as Trajectory #4 or Double Rift II clearly reflect the forms and feeling of his signature steel sculptures.

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