Skip to main content

Antique Carver Chairs

to
84
603
37
415
178
178
141
98
72
64
40
37
36
27
27
19
16
10
9
9
8
7
6
6
5
4
4
3
3
2
1
1
1
1
3
2
2
2
2
Sort By
Fine Set of Eight Antique George III Quality Mahogany Dining Chairs
Located in Suffolk, GB
Fine set of eight antique George IIIl quality mahogany dining chairs consisting of two carver
Category

1780s English George III Antique Carver Chairs

Materials

Mahogany

Set of Eight Oak Dining Chairs
Located in Gloucestershire, GB
top rails, these chairs and exceptional quality, the rake to the rear legs are wonderful. One carver
Category

19th Century English Antique Carver Chairs

Materials

Leather, Oak

Set of Eight Antique Victorian Quality Carved Mahogany Dining Chairs
Located in Suffolk, GB
Set of Eight Antique Victorian quality carved mahogany dining chairs consisting of two carver
Category

1880s English Victorian Antique Carver Chairs

Materials

Other

Fine Antique Set of Eight George III Mahogany Dining Chairs
Located in Suffolk, GB
Fine antique set of eight George III mahogany dining chairs consisting of two carver chairs and six
Category

Early 19th Century English George III Antique Carver Chairs

Materials

Other

Outstanding Quality Set of 6 Antique Regency Carved Mahogany Dining Chairs
Located in Suffolk, GB
Outstanding quality set of 6 antique Regency carved mahogany dining chairs consisting of 2 carver
Category

19th Century English Regency Antique Carver Chairs

Materials

Other

Wonderful Quality Set of 16 Burr Walnut George I Style Dining Chairs
Located in Suffolk, GB
Wonderful quality set of 16 burr walnut George I style dining chairs consisting of 2 carver chairs
Category

Early 20th Century English George I Antique Carver Chairs

Materials

Walnut

Set of 8 18th Century George III Mahogany Dining Chairs
Located in Chelmsford, Essex
fully restored. Measures: Single chairs = Width: 51cm depth: 51cm height: 92cm Carver chairs = Width
Category

Late 18th Century English George III Antique Carver Chairs

Materials

Mahogany

Set of Six Arts Crafts Queen Ann Style Golden Oak Dining Chairs
Located in Godshill, Isle of Wight
high back golden oak dining chairs the set is made up with 1 carver chair and 5 singles, the set has
Category

1880s Arts and Crafts Antique Carver Chairs

Materials

Oak

Pair of Limed Oak Scottish Arts Crafts Chairs
Located in Sherborne, GB
Pair of limed oak carver chairs upholstered in natural Belgian linen. Scottish Arts & Crafts, circa
Category

Late 19th Century Scottish Arts and Crafts Antique Carver Chairs

Materials

Oak

6 Mahogany Dining Chairs, Regency period, Brass Inlay
Located in London, GB
rails above scroll inlaid panels and brass buttoned detail, supported on sabre legs. The carver chairs
Category

19th Century English Regency Antique Carver Chairs

Materials

Brass

Set of Six Mahogany Leather Dining Chairs Sheraton English Edwardian
By Thomas Sheraton
Located in Hele, Devon, GB
carver elbow chairs and four standards Offering practical seating and comfort in use - suitable for
Category

1910s Great Britain (UK) Edwardian Antique Carver Chairs

Materials

Leather, Mahogany

Quality Antique Victorian Set of Six Carved Mahogany Dining Chairs
Located in Suffolk, GB
Quality antique Victorian set of six carved mahogany dining chairs consisting of two carver chairs
Category

19th Century English Victorian Antique Carver Chairs

Materials

Other

Set of 6 Beech Elm Wheel Back Windsor Kitchen Dining Chairs
Located in Godshill, Isle of Wight
This is a good quality set of six chairs, 2 carver chairs and 4 singles and would be the perfect
Category

Late 19th Century Country Antique Carver Chairs

Materials

Beech

Set William IV Dining Chairs Mahogany
Located in Potters Bar, GB
a Plain Form. The Carver Chairs Having Scroll Arms. Presented in Good Condition.
Category

1920s William IV Antique Carver Chairs

Materials

Mahogany

Stunning set of eight antique George III mahogany inlaid dining chairs
Located in Ipswich, GB
carver chairs and six single chairs with a quality mahogany reeded top rail with a shell inlaid carved
Category

Early 19th Century George III Antique Carver Chairs

Materials

Mahogany

Set Queen Anne Desk Chairs Mahogany
Located in Potters Bar, GB
(for extra strength) The carver chair having shepherd crook arms. The shaped and pierced back splats
Category

Early 1900s Antique Carver Chairs

Materials

Mahogany

Set of 10 Antique Carver Dining Chairs, English, Chippendale Revival, Victorian
Located in Hele, Devon, GB
This is a long set of 10, leather seated antique carver dining chairs. An English, mahogany elbow
Category

Late 19th Century British Antique Carver Chairs

Materials

Wood

Pair of Antique Mahogany Chippendale Carver Armchairs
Located in London, GB
This pair of antique Chippendale style mahogany carver chairs have a matching set of four single
Category

19th Century English Victorian Antique Carver Chairs

Materials

Mahogany

Near Set of 6 Georgian Style Country Chairs
Located in Godshill, Isle of Wight
, there is a pair and another 4 matching, one of these is a carver chair The chairs are made in fruitwood
Category

Mid-19th Century Georgian Antique Carver Chairs

Materials

Fruitwood

Antique English Set of 12 Gothic Revival Arts Crafts Oak Dining Chairs
By Shapland Petter
Located in Glasgow, GB
matching large carver chair with open scroll arms with Gothic shaped brackets. The frames all tight and
Category

Late 19th Century English Gothic Revival Antique Carver Chairs

Materials

Leather, Oak

Set of Six Swedish Rococo Dining Chairs
Located in Gloucestershire, GB
Beautiful set of five dining chairs and one carver chair from Sweden. These chairs are in the
Category

19th Century Swedish Rococo Antique Carver Chairs

Materials

Wood

Pair Of Regency Mahogany Carver Armchairs
Located in Bedfordshire, GB
as to where the term carver chair originates, but we rather like the simple one of a carver chair
Category

Early 19th Century English Regency Antique Carver Chairs

Materials

Mahogany

Set of 6 Elegant Edwardian Upholstered Dining Chairs
Located in Godshill, Isle of Wight
Edwardian chairs, 2 carver and 4 single chairs they have aesthetic pierced backs with turned legs and
Category

Early 20th Century Edwardian Antique Carver Chairs

Materials

Beech

Set of 8 Mahogany Dining Chairs, 19th Century
Located in Chelmsford, Essex
" Carver chair: Width: 22.25" Depth: 21" Height: 33".
Category

Early 19th Century English George III Antique Carver Chairs

Materials

Mahogany

Antique Lancashire Spindle Back Carver, English, Hall, Elbow Chair, Victorian
Located in Hele, Devon, GB
This is an antique Lancashire spindle back carver chair. An English oak and mahogany hallway elbow
Category

Mid-19th Century British Antique Carver Chairs

Materials

Oak

19th Century Set of 6 Chippendale Style Carved Mahogany Dining Chairs
Located in Chelmsford, Essex
chair = Width 22", depth 21", height 37.5" Carver chair = Width 23", depth 23", height 38".
Category

Late 19th Century English Chippendale Antique Carver Chairs

Materials

Mahogany

Set Hepplewhite Dining Chairs Mahogany Revival
Located in Potters Bar, GB
Pierced and Shaped Central Back Splat. The Carver Chairs Having Shaped Arms and Shaped Supports. Having
Category

19th Century Hepplewhite Antique Carver Chairs

Materials

Mahogany

Antique fine quality set of 6 (4 plus 2) Georgian C1810 mahogany dining chairs
Located in Wisbech, Cambridgeshire
High-quality set of six (four regular and two carver) Georgian circa 1810 mahogany dining chairs
Category

19th Century William IV Antique Carver Chairs

Materials

Wood

Set of Eight Regency Mahogany Dining Chairs
Located in Gloucestershire, GB
Set of eight English Regency mahogany dining chairs, including two carver chairs. These fantastic
Category

19th Century English Regency Antique Carver Chairs

Materials

Mahogany

Swedish Biedermeier Dining Chairs Antique Set of 6 Flame Birch Antique Deco
Located in Lewes, England
back, carved central motif and gracefully curved sabre front legs. It includes 4 chairs and 2 carver
Category

Late 19th Century Swedish Biedermeier Antique Carver Chairs

Materials

Birch

Antique William IV Carver Armchair / Desk Chair
Located in London, GB
A wonderful original William IV period carver chair. This was made in England, it dates from around
Category

Early 19th Century English William IV Antique Carver Chairs

Materials

Wood

Set of 8 Early 20th Century Country Oak Dining Chairs
Located in Godshill, Isle of Wight
country oak chairs, 2 are carver chairs, the oak frames have turned legs and stretchers and the backs
Category

Early 20th Century Arts and Crafts Antique Carver Chairs

Materials

Oak

Antique Georgian 19th Century Mahogany Office Elbow Desk Chair Carver circa 1810
Located in Wisbech, Cambridgeshire
Antique Georgian 19th century mahogany office, elbow, desk, or carver chair, circa 1810. Solid
Category

1810s Georgian Antique Carver Chairs

Materials

Mahogany

Set of 6 Beech and Elm Arts Crafts High Back English Windsor Chairs
Located in Godshill, Isle of Wight
Set of 6 beech & elm Arts & Crafts high back English windsor chairs, Set of 6, 2 carvers and 4
Category

1890s Arts and Crafts Antique Carver Chairs

Materials

Elm

Set of 6 Heavy Arts and Crafts Gothic Oak and Leather Dining or Boardroom Chairs
Located in Godshill, Isle of Wight
quality set of arts & crafts oak dining chairs, including 2 carver chairs, they have stout turned legs and
Category

Late 19th Century Arts and Crafts Antique Carver Chairs

Materials

Oak

Swedish Biedermeier Dining Chairs Set of Six 19th Century Mixed Wreath Mahogany
Located in Lewes, England
carver chairs available separately. More fotos available on request.
Category

Late 19th Century Swedish Biedermeier Antique Carver Chairs

Materials

Mahogany

Antique Fine Quality Set of 8 6 Plus 2 Balloon Back Mahogany Dining Chairs
Located in Wisbech, Cambridgeshire
one would expect with functional antique furniture, but all is good now. The carver chairs are later
Category

1840s English Antique Carver Chairs

Materials

Mahogany

Fine Set of Eight Burr Walnut QA Dining Chairs
Located in Benington, Herts
, circa 1920. This quality set of dining chairs comprises of six single chairs and two carver chairs. All
Category

1920s British Queen Anne Antique Carver Chairs

Materials

Leather, Walnut

Set of 8 Antique Walnut Dining Chairs
Located in London, GB
and front edge of the seats. There are six straight side chairs and two carver chairs with shepherds
Category

Early 20th Century French Queen Anne Antique Carver Chairs

Materials

Fabric, Walnut

19th Century Antique Set of Eight Inlaid Mahogany Dining Chairs
Located in Suffolk, GB
two carver chairs having elegant shaped open arms and six single chairs having attractive shaped
Category

19th Century English Victorian Antique Carver Chairs

Materials

Mahogany

Pair of Antique Edwardian Carver Armchairs
Located in London, GB
A smart and very well made pair of antique carver chairs, with leather seats. They were made in
Category

Early 20th Century English Adam Style Antique Carver Chairs

Materials

Leather, Wood

Antique English Set of 16 Arts Crafts Oak Dining Chairs by Shapland Petter
By Shapland Petter
Located in Glasgow, GB
dating to circa 1900. Comprising one carver armchair and fifteen side chairs, each with an arched top
Category

Early 1900s English Arts and Crafts Antique Carver Chairs

Materials

Metal

Pair of Antique Chippendale Revival Carver Armchairs
Located in London, GB
An excellent pair of antique carver chairs in the classic Chippendale style. They were made in
Category

Late 19th Century English Chippendale Antique Carver Chairs

Materials

Fabric, Wood

Set of Twelve Antique Victorian Mahogany Dining Chairs in the Chippendale Style
Located in Suffolk, GB
chairs and two carvers. Finely crafted in the late Victorian period these chairs are executed in the
Category

19th Century English Victorian Antique Carver Chairs

Materials

Mahogany

Pair of Antique Shield Back Carver Armchairs
Located in London, GB
A stunning pair of shield back carver chairs with green leather seats. These are in the Sheraton
Category

Early 20th Century English Sheraton Antique Carver Chairs

Materials

Leather, Wood

Pair of Antique Regency Period Mahogany Carver Armchairs
Located in London, GB
A beautiful pair of original Regency period mahogany carver chairs. These were made in England
Category

Early 19th Century English Regency Antique Carver Chairs

Materials

Mahogany

Pair of Antique Shield Back Carver Armchairs
Located in London, GB
A stunning pair of shield back wood carver chairs with green leather seats. These are in the
Category

Early 20th Century English Sheraton Antique Carver Chairs

Materials

Leather, Wood

Swedish Biedermeier Dining Chairs Set of 6 veneer Golden Birch 1800s
Located in Lewes, England
having a darker rich french polish finish. Set of 4 chairs and 2 carver chairs. The top grade flame
Category

Late 19th Century Swedish Biedermeier Antique Carver Chairs

Materials

Birch

Antique Regency Ebonised Elbow Carver Desk Chair
Located in Wisbech, Cambridgeshire
Antique fine quality ebonised and decorated Regency elbow, carver or desk chair C1825. Very rare
Category

1820s Regency Antique Carver Chairs

Materials

Wood

Set of 8 George III Gillows Mahogany Fan Back Dining Chairs
By Gillows of Lancaster London
Located in Glasgow, GB
. Comprising six single chairs and ladies and gentleman’s carver chairs this style of chair with an arched top
Category

Late 18th Century English George III Antique Carver Chairs

Materials

Upholstery, Mahogany

Swedish Biedermeier Dining Chairs Set 4 Quilt Golden Birch Honey Colour 1800s A
Located in Lewes, England
offer it to you. We can also supply 1800s biedermeier carver chairs in the same style available
Category

Late 19th Century Swedish Biedermeier Antique Carver Chairs

Materials

Birch

Sublime Suite of 6 Sheraton Revival George Hepplewhite Dining Chairs Part Suite
By George Hepplewhite
Located in West Sussex, Pulborough
50cm Seat height 44.5cm X2 carver chair dimensions: Height 101cm Width 59cm Depth 56.5cm
Category

Early 1900s English Sheraton Antique Carver Chairs

Materials

Mahogany

Set of Six, Antique, Dining Chairs, Regency, Mahogany, circa 1820
Located in Hele, Devon, GB
Five side chairs and a single 'father', elbow, carver chair Good color and grain interest in a wax
Category

Early 19th Century English Regency Antique Carver Chairs

Materials

Mahogany

Set of Eight Antique Dining Chairs, English, Ladderbacks, Shaker, circa 1850
Located in Hele, Devon, GB
stability Five rail ladderbacks to the carvers and four to the chairs Shaped arm rests to carvers A set
Category

19th Century Great Britain (UK) Shaker Antique Carver Chairs

Materials

Rush, Oak

Antique Chair, Chippendale Influenced Carver Armchair, circa 1800
By Thomas Chippendale
Located in Hele, Devon, GB
This is a desirable antique chair heavily influenced by the designs of Thomas Chippendale. A George
Category

Early 19th Century Great Britain (UK) Chippendale Antique Carver Chairs

Materials

Mahogany

Set of 12 Antique Mahogany Chippendale Dining Chairs
Located in London, GB
, 103 cm / 41 inches, 104 cm Carver chairs: Width – 25 inches, 63 cm Depth – 21.5 inches, 54 cm
Category

19th Century English Chippendale Antique Carver Chairs

Materials

Mahogany

Set of Eight Antique Walnut Queen Anne Dining Chairs
Located in London, GB
base of the shaped centre splats. The two carver chairs have shepherds crook shaped open arms & drop in
Category

1910s English Queen Anne Antique Carver Chairs

Materials

Walnut

  • 1
  • ...
Get Updated with New Arrivals
Save "Antique Carver Chairs", and we’ll notify you when there are new listings in this category.

Antique Carver Chairs For Sale on 1stDibs

There is a range of antique carver chairs for sale on 1stDibs. Each of these unique antique carver chairs was constructed with extraordinary care, often using wood, mahogany and hardwood. Antique carver chairs have been produced for many years, with earlier versions available from the 18th Century and newer variations made as recently as the 20th Century. Antique carver chairs bearing Georgian or Regency hallmarks are very popular at 1stDibs. Lionel Rawlinson Limited and Shapland Petter each produced beautiful antique carver chairs that are worth considering.

How Much are Antique Carver Chairs?

Prices for antique carver chairs start at $527 and top out at $26,662 with the average selling for $1,793.

Finding the Right Seating for You

With entire areas of our homes reserved for “sitting rooms,” the value of quality antique and vintage seating cannot be overstated.

Fortunately, the design of side chairs, armchairs and other lounge furniture — since what were, quite literally, the early perches of our ancestors — has evolved considerably.

Among the earliest standard seating furniture were stools. Egyptian stools, for example, designed for one person with no seat back, were x-shaped and typically folded to be tucked away. These rudimentary chairs informed the design of Greek and Roman stools, all of which were a long way from Sori Yanagi's Butterfly stool or Alvar Aalto's Stool 60. In the 18th century and earlier, seats with backs and armrests were largely reserved for high nobility.

The seating of today is more inclusive but the style and placement of chairs can still make a statement. Antique desk chairs and armchairs designed in the style of Louis XV, which eventually included painted furniture and were often made of rare woods, feature prominently curved legs as well as Chinese themes and varied ornaments. Much like the thrones of fairy tales and the regency, elegant lounges crafted in the Louis XV style convey wealth and prestige. In the kitchen, the dining chair placed at the head of the table is typically reserved for the head of the household or a revered guest.

Of course, with luxurious vintage or antique furnishings, every chair can seem like the best seat in the house. Whether your preference is stretching out on a plush sofa, such as the Serpentine, designed by Vladimir Kagan, or cozying up in a vintage wingback chair, there is likely to be a comfy classic or contemporary gem for you on 1stDibs.

With respect to the latest obsessions in design, cane seating has been cropping up everywhere, from sleek armchairs to lounge chairs, while bouclé fabric, a staple of modern furniture design, can be seen in mid-century modern, Scandinavian modern and Hollywood Regency furniture styles.

Admirers of the sophisticated craftsmanship and dark woods frequently associated with mid-century modern seating can find timeless furnishings in our expansive collection of lounge chairs, dining chairs and other items — whether they’re vintage editions or alluring official reproductions of iconic designs from the likes of Hans Wegner or from Charles and Ray Eames. Shop our inventory of Egg chairs, designed in 1958 by Arne Jacobsen, the Florence Knoll lounge chair and more.

No matter your style, the collection of unique chairs, sofas and other seating on 1stDibs is surely worthy of a standing ovation.

Questions About Antique Carver Chairs
  • 1stDibs ExpertJune 5, 2020

    A carver chair is a dining chair with arms. It is sometimes called an elbow chair. Vintage carver chairs were often made in pairs as a part of a set of dining chairs. Reproductions of antique carver chairs are also very popular.

  • 1stDibs ExpertOctober 21, 2020

    A theory about how carver chairs got their name is that the “master of the household” would sit at the head of the dining table and carve the meat that would be served for dinner. A widely reported origin story for the carver chair is that the name references a Pilgrim named John Carver, who was the founder of the Plymouth colony of Massachusetts in the United States. Carver is said to have owned a dining chair with armrests. This theory has been challenged, however, as John Carver may have died before the first carver chairs were made.

  • 1stDibs ExpertOctober 21, 2020

    Carver chairs do not refer to a specific furniture brand — a carver chair is a generic kind of dining chair, although it features the added comfort of armrests. Vintage carver dining chairs and antique carver chairs are frequently requested at furniture stores around the United States as a staple of the American household.

  • 1stDibs ExpertOctober 21, 2020

    Many stores sell carver chairs, and antique carver chairs can typically be found in secondhand/vintage shops across the country. Simple and comfortable, the carver chair is one of the most popular dining chairs in the United States. Here at 1stDibs, there are many different styles of carver chairs for sale.

  • 1stDibs ExpertApril 5, 2022
    A Carver chair is a type of seating crafted out of wood. Normally, the backs feature curved rails and may feature cutouts or spindles. Arms generally slope downwards and have only front supports. On 1stDibs, shop a collection of Carver chairs.
  • 1stDibs ExpertOctober 12, 2021
    A carver dining chair is a kind of spool chair with legs rising above the seat level to frame the back and support the armrests. A theory about how carver chairs got their name is that the “master of the household” would sit at the head of the dining table and carve the meat that would be served for dinner. A widely reported origin story for the carver chair is that the name references a Pilgrim named John Carver, who was the founder of the Plymouth colony of Massachusetts in the United States. On 1stDibs, shop a range of antique and vintage carver chairs.
  • 1stDibs ExpertOctober 21, 2020

    The design has changed over the years, but most antique carver chairs were made of wood. Antique carver chairs were wide chairs made in 17th century New England — with backs that featured several supporting spindles — although there were no spindles between the armrests and the seat. Antique carver chairs were typically topped with decorative ornaments.

  • 1stDibs ExpertNovember 13, 2024
    No one knows for sure why some dining chairs with arms are called carvers. However, it likely relates to the historical use of these chairs. Technically, carver is the nickname for a specific type of dining chair with arms, not for all dining armchairs. A Colonial American design, a carver chair features a backrest that wraps around the sides and forms arms. Traditionally, the carver chair went at the head of the table, and often the family member responsible for carving the primary entrée sat at this place. As a result, the chair's purpose for seating the carver of the meal is one potential explanation for the nickname. Another is that the name comes from John Carver, the governor of the Plymouth Colony. Reportedly, Carver owned one of these chairs, and people began referring to them by his name as a result. On 1stDibs, find an assortment of carver chairs.
  • 1stDibs ExpertApril 5, 2022
    An antique Bergère chair is a Victorian-era French armchair, often with upholstered armrests and a removable seat cushion. The curved back of this chair would be crafted with wicker. Shop a collection of Bergère chairs from some of the world’s top sellers on 1stDibs.
    1stDibs ExpertApril 5, 2022
    Bergere chairs are a type of upholstered French armchair that have an enclosed design. They’re designed for lounging comfortably and usually feature deep, wide seats. On 1stDibs, shop a collection of antique Bergere chairs from some of the world’s top sellers.
  • 1stDibs ExpertOctober 24, 2024
    To tell if your rocking chair is an antique, search the back, rockers and the underside of the seat for a label, stamp or other marking. If you locate one, conduct online research using trusted resources to learn about the maker. By finding out when the manufacturer produced chairs similar to yours, you may be able to determine if your chair is at least 100 years old, making it an antique. If you cannot find a maker's mark, consider contacting a certified appraiser or antique dealer and asking them to date your piece for you. Explore a range of antique rocking chairs on 1stDibs.
  • 1stDibs ExpertOctober 24, 2024
    To tell how old an antique chair is, you have a few options. One is to conduct research on your own using trusted online resources and print references from your local library. If your chair has a maker's mark, learning more about the company, artisan or workshop that produced it can be a good starting point. Dating unmarked chairs can be more difficult because certain styles remained in production for long periods. In this case, you may wish to have a certified appraiser or knowledgeable antique dealer evaluate your chair for you. Shop a wide range of antique chairs on 1stDibs.
  • 1stDibs ExpertAugust 15, 2024
    To tell if a dining chair is antique, first look for markings that can help you identify the maker. You will normally find these under the seat. By using information published on trusted online resources, you can research the markings to learn who made the chair and when the maker was active. Any dining chair made 100 years ago or earlier is an antique. Another way to identify antique chairs is to examine their details closely. Most antique dining chairs are handmade, so you can expect to see subtle tool markings and slight irregularities. A lack of these characteristics may indicate that a dining chair is machine-made and less likely to be an antique. For assistance with dating your dining chairs, consult a certified appraiser or knowledgeable antique dealer. On 1stDibs, find a large selection of antique dining chairs.
  • 1stDibs ExpertSeptember 9, 2024
    To find out what your antique chair is worth, you can conduct research using trusted online resources. Specifically, study the sales history for pieces similar to yours in terms of maker, age, style and type. Because the condition of your chair will also impact its value, you may wish to have a certified appraiser or knowledgeable antique dealer inspect and evaluate your piece. Find a collection of antique chairs on 1stDibs.
  • 1stDibs ExpertFebruary 22, 2021
    Depending on the quality, age, and model, Koken vintage barber chairs can sell for $500 to $6000. Older chairs will often have a higher value.
  • 1stDibs ExpertOctober 12, 2021
    There is no universal guideline for determining the value of antique high chairs. Typically, high chairs can cost anywhere between $50 and $500. The price of a high chair is determined by the condition of the chair, its construction, whether or not all parts are intact and its desirability.