American Table Lamps
to
1,047
7,086
6,160
954
203
Height
to
Width
to
5,129
2,898
645
716
619
679
601
669
601
662
594
657
3,213
635
459
308
158
127
89
57
49
36
29
15
10
10
7
6
4
5
107
6,048
1,157
391
3,476
1,441
30
43
61
152
186
841
1,134
683
242
81
4,624
2,337
1,978
1,611
949
36,771
13,362
8,545
7,919
7,317
7,317
6,597
6,808
241
141
127
108
81
Place of Origin: American
Expertly Restored - Arthur Jacobs "Infinity" Model-9420 Lamp for Modeline of C.
By Arthur Jacobs, Modeline Lamp Co.
Located in Los Angeles, CA
Materials
Korina Wood, Original Frosted Glass Globes, Brass Hardware
________________________________________
Transforming a piece of Mid-Century Modern furniture is like bringing h...
Category
1960s Mid-Century Modern Vintage American Table Lamps
Materials
Brass
Expertly Restored - Mid-Century Modern Sculpted Lamp by R
J Manufacturing
Located in Los Angeles, CA
Designer
R & J Manufacturing
Manufacturer
R & J Manufacturing
________________________________________
Transforming a piece of Mid-Century Modern furniture is like bringing history b...
Category
1960s Mid-Century Modern Vintage American Table Lamps
Materials
Brass
Diminutive Mid Century Table Lamp after Weinberg Umanoff c. 1950
s
By Arthur Umanoff, Frederic Weinberg
Located in New York, NY
Architectural Mid century table lamp constructed of welded wrought iron rods with wood ball feet. Design reminiscent of Fredrick Weinberg, and Arthur Umanoff, this example is unsign...
Category
Mid-20th Century Mid-Century Modern American Table Lamps
Materials
Wrought Iron
Selection of Glamorous Modern Lamps
By Christopher Spitzmiller, Ralph Lauren
Located in Atlanta, GA
Selection of glamorous modern lamps, American, 1950s-2000s. They have all been rewired and are ready to use. The lamp shades are not included. They are priced at $550 each.
From le...
Category
Early 2000s Mid-Century Modern American Table Lamps
Materials
Metal, Brass
$550 / item
Art Deco Streamlined Nickle "Cobra" Table Lamp by Norman Bel Geddes for Faries
By Norman Bel Geddes, Faries Lamp Co.
Located in New York, NY
This Art Deco Cobra Table lamp originates from the United States Circa 1930 designed by Norman Bel Geddes for Fairies. A handsome example of Art Deco design and material beauty, this...
Category
1940s Art Deco Vintage American Table Lamps
Materials
Nickel
Pair of Mid-Century Modern Fluted Walnut Table Lamps by Zina Lamp Co.
By Raymond Pfennig, Zina Lamp Co.
Located in Lafayette, IN
This wonderful pair of designer table lamps were manufactured by the Zina Lamp Co. of Forest Knolls, CA. Lamp design is attributed to Raymond Pfennig. Lamps features a turned, solid...
Category
1960s Mid-Century Modern Vintage American Table Lamps
Materials
Brass
Large Incised Studio Pottery Table Lamp by Brent Bennett, California Modern
By Brent Bennett
Located in New York, NY
Extra-large hand-thrown studio pottery table lamp by Brent Bennett, a pioneer of the California Modern movement. The lamp features a substantial ceramic body with a raw brown clay su...
Category
1970s Mid-Century Modern Vintage American Table Lamps
Materials
Pottery, Stoneware
Antique Arts
Crafts Handel Reverse Painted Stylized Foliage Table Lamp c1920
Located in Big Flats, NY
Antique Handel Reverse Painted Stylized Foliage Table Lamp Signed & Numbered C1920
Measures - 24 1/2" x 16 1/2" x 16 1/2"
An antique Handel table lamp from circa 1920, featuring a ...
Category
Early 20th Century Arts and Crafts American Table Lamps
Materials
Glass
$2,760 Sale Price
20% Off
Pair, Kawa Series Table Lamp 03, Organic White Porcelain, Green Marble Base
By Luft Tanaka
Located in Brooklyn, NY
Set of 2 Kawa Table Lamp 03 by Luft Tanaka
A plug-in portable table lamp with a leather-cast porcelain diffuser, organic and asymmetrical in form, which casts a warm and comforting ...
Category
2010s Modern American Table Lamps
Materials
Marble, Stone, Brass, Steel
Pair of vintage Stiffel Brass Table Lamps
By Stiffel
Located in Germantown, MD
A pair of vintage Stiffel brass table lamps.
Heavy brass.
Measures 6.5" in width, 6.5" in depth and 23.5" in height.
Category
Mid-20th Century Mid-Century Modern American Table Lamps
Materials
Brass
$1,210 / set
Pair Art Deco Style Streamlined Brass Table Lamps Westwood Industries 1970
s
By Westwood Industries
Located in Rochester, NY
Pair of American Art Deco style brass table lamps with a streamlined bullet shaped form. They are both signed Westwood Industries ( a high quality California lighting company establi...
Category
1970s Art Deco Vintage American Table Lamps
Materials
Brass
Hollywood Regency Brass Arch Table Lamp w/ Authentic Seashell Shades
Located in Los Angeles, CA
Condition: Newly Rewired
Materials: Conch Seashell Shades, Patinated Brass, Black Painted Base
This sculptural table lamp beautifully captures the essence of Hollywood Regency glamour with its graceful brass arch and twin conch seashell shades. The organically shaped shells glow warmly when illuminated, creating a captivating interplay between nature and luxury. Its patinated brass frame contrasts elegantly against the black painted base, adding depth and sophistication to its design. Meticulously rewired for modern use, the lamp remains faithful to its 1970s craftsmanship while offering reliable functionality. A statement piece that merges natural elegance with mid-century opulence, perfect for any refined interior.
Fun Historical Fact: During the 1970s, Hollywood Regency décor experienced a revival as designers sought to blend natural materials with high-end finishes, resulting in a look that was both glamorous and organic. Seashell lighting...
Category
1970s Hollywood Regency Vintage American Table Lamps
Materials
Brass
Brutalist, Handmade Ceramic Table Lamp, Double Decker Lamp by Streicher Goods
By Streicher Goods, Ethan Streicher
Located in Brooklyn, NY
The Double Decker lamp is a tall, brutalist-inspired table lamp, perfect for lighting in larger living spaces, created by Streicher Goods in Brooklyn, NY.
The lamp is composed of a...
Category
2010s Brutalist American Table Lamps
Materials
Brass
Antique Bradley
Hubbard Arts
Crafts 8 Panel Slag Glass Table Lamp c1920
Located in Big Flats, NY
Antique Bradley & Hubbard Arts & Crafts 8 Panel Slag Glass Table Lamp With Floral Overlay Signed C1920
Measures - 22 1/2" x 17 7/8" x 17 7/8"
An antique table lamp from the Arts & ...
Category
Early 20th Century Arts and Crafts American Table Lamps
Materials
Slag Glass
$1,440 Sale Price
20% Off
Antique Handel School Floral Leaded Stained Glass
Bronze Table Lamp c1920
Located in Big Flats, NY
Antique Handel School Floral Leaded Stained Glass Table Lamp With Bronze Base Unsigned C1920
Measures - 17.75"h x 10.75"diam
This table lamp, in the manner of Handel, features a le...
Category
Early 20th Century Arts and Crafts American Table Lamps
Materials
Bronze
$1,960 Sale Price
20% Off
Antique Tiffany Style Stained Art Glass Pink Floral Leaded Slag Table Lamp 23"
Located in Dayton, OH
Antique mid to early 20th century two-light aluminum-based table lamp with a unique Tiffany-style stained glass shade featuring an off-white lattice / grid trimmed with drooping leav...
Category
Mid-20th Century American Table Lamps
Materials
Metal
$840 Sale Price
30% Off
P.E. Guerin Bronze Ostrich Leg Lamp
By P. E. Guerin
Located in Houston, TX
P.E. Guerin Bronze Ostrich Leg Lamp.
Offered is a stunning large bronze table lamp in the form of an ostrich leg.
Our lamp by P.E. Guerin (Pierre Emma...
Category
20th Century Hollywood Regency American Table Lamps
Materials
Bronze
Expertly Restored - Arthur Jacobs Model-1695 Table Lamp for Modeline of CA
By Arthur Jacobs, Modeline Lamp Co.
Located in Los Angeles, CA
________________________________________
Transforming a piece of Mid-Century Modern furniture is like bringing history back to life, and we take this journey with passion and precis...
Category
1960s Mid-Century Modern Vintage American Table Lamps
Materials
Brass
Early 20th Century Tall Brass Bankers Desk Lamp
Located in San Mateo, CA
Early 1900's tall brass desk lamp. Similar to the simplicity of the Fairies lamps from this period but with a much more substantial presence. The lamp has been rewired with a cotton ...
Category
Early 20th Century Industrial American Table Lamps
Materials
Brass
2 Wildwood Pamela Shirley Hand Painted Tropical Flower Table Lamps 31"
Located in Dayton, OH
Pair of late 20th century Wildwood white porcelain ginger jar mantel urn shaped table lamps with brass base and cap, hand painted with tropical flowers by Pamela Shirley. Signed and ...
Category
Late 20th Century Hollywood Regency American Table Lamps
Materials
Brass
$696 Sale Price
30% Off
American Art Nouveau Tiffany Style Lamp
Located in Queens, NY
American Art Nouveau Tiffany style lamp featuring a stained glass shade with a floral design having an ornate metal base and two bulb sockets with pull chains
Category
Late 19th Century Art Nouveau Antique American Table Lamps
Materials
Glass
Contemporary Oblong Marbled Crete Table Lamp in Blue by Elyse Graham
By Elyse Graham
Located in Springfield, OR
Our Hydro collection is inspired by the grooves and patterns that waterways make through the landscape as seen from above. The layers of gradation in the pigment on the exterior of t...
Category
2010s Organic Modern American Table Lamps
Materials
Resin, Plaster
Pair Of Christopher Spitzmiller Sapphire Blue "Hann" Large Table Lamps
By Christopher Spitzmiller
Located in Bridgeport, CT
Pair of Christoper Spitzmiller large ceramic table lamps in his Hann model in a vibrant mottled sapphire blue. The lamp mounted with brass cap, ball finial, double socket cluster hav...
Category
21st Century and Contemporary Hollywood Regency American Table Lamps
Materials
Brass
Antique Bradley
Hubbard School Arts
Crafts 6-Panel Slag Glass Lamp C1920
Located in Big Flats, NY
Antique Bradley
Hubbard School Arts
Crafts Six Panel Slag Glass Lamp C1920
Measures - 22.5"H x 18.5"W x 18.5"D
An example of early 20th-century craftsmanship, this antique slag glass lamp...
Category
20th Century Arts and Crafts American Table Lamps
Materials
Slag Glass
$1,320 Sale Price
20% Off
Vintage Mod Cylindrical Chrome and Black Ceramic Stacked Accent Table Lamp
Located in San Jose, CA
Mid century modern accent table lamp circa 1970's. Features a tall cylinder ceramic base in a glossy black finish with chrome accents. Equipped with a three way switch mechanism. The...
Category
1970s Mid-Century Modern Vintage American Table Lamps
Materials
Chrome
Richard Barr Brutalist Table Lamp for Laurel Lamp Co.
By Richard Barr, Laurel Lamp Company
Located in Los Angeles, CA
Newly Rewired, New Custom Linen Shade
Category
1960s Mid-Century Modern Vintage American Table Lamps
Materials
Brass
Tiffany Studios by Paul Crist, Twisted Vine Lamp Base, USA Circa 1990s
By Paul Crist Studios, Tiffany Studios
Located in PARIS, FR
Absolutely stunning and rare Tiffany Studios twisted vine table lamp base reproduction by the famed Paul Crist for Crist Studios.
Beautiful statuary size, exquisite details true to ...
Category
1990s Art Nouveau American Table Lamps
Materials
Bronze
Paul Mayen “Beehive” Table or Floor Lamp designed in 1965
By Paul Mayen
Located in New York, NY
This handsome mid century lamp has a large woven wicker shade that floats on three sleek black enameled hairpin legs . The lamp gives off a lovely warm ambient light . Can be used as...
Category
Mid-20th Century Mid-Century Modern American Table Lamps
Materials
Wicker
Antique Emeralite Bankers Light
By Emeralite
Located in Bridgeport, CT
Authentic and Classic Emeralite Banker’s Lamp with the original Green glass. Brass clad iron base, marked inside with brass post and Emeralite hinged shade.
Marked underneath.
Dime...
Category
Early 20th Century Industrial American Table Lamps
Materials
Metal, Other
FIN table lamp, oxblood red glaze, hand built ceramic dome lamp by Kalin Asenov
By Kalin Asenov
Located in Savannah, GA
FIN Table Light in Oxblood Lustre — a captivating statement in rich, opulent red. The luxurious glaze, a deep crimson reminiscent of polished garnet, embodies refined craftsmanship a...
Category
2010s Modern American Table Lamps
Materials
Ceramic
Mid-Century Modern Walnut Table Lamps w/ Sculptural Metal Bases
Located in Los Angeles, CA
This striking Mid-Century Modern table lamp by Phil-Mar is a perfect blend of bold design and expert craftsmanship. The ceramic body features a vibrant orange glaze with textured lav...
Category
1960s Mid-Century Modern Vintage American Table Lamps
Materials
Metal
Pr. Mid Century Brutalist Style Ceramic Table Lamps
By James Mont
Located in New York, NY
Chic pair of Mid Century Brutalist school table lamps, executed in ceramic, with black, off white , brown and gold toned glaze. Both lamps are in very good,m original, clean and work...
Category
Mid-20th Century Mid-Century Modern American Table Lamps
Materials
Ceramic
Tiffany Studios Style Arts
Crafts Table Lamp With Jeweled Stained Glass Shade
By Tiffany Studios
Located in South Bend, IN
A gorgeous Arts & Crafts style table lamp with jeweled stained glass shade
In the manner of Tiffany Studios
USA, Circa Late 20th Century
Measures: 17.5"W x 17.5"D x 24"H.
Very ...
Category
Late 20th Century Arts and Crafts American Table Lamps
Materials
Metal
Pair of Brass Lotus Lamps by Feldman Lighting
By Feldman Lighting Co.
Located in Middlesex, NJ
Pair of Brass Lotus Lamps by Feldman Lighting
Measurement are of base not including lampshades.
Lampshades included.
Category
20th Century Mid-Century Modern American Table Lamps
Materials
Brass
$16,500 / set
Mod Space Age Chrome Desk Lamp by Sonneman c. 1970
s
By Ingo Maurer, Sonneman Lighting
Located in New York, NY
Classic Space Age modernist design tubular chrome desk lamp, by Robert Sonneman reminiscent of the Maurer Gulp lamp. circa 1970's.
This example is in very good, original, clean and...
Category
Mid-20th Century Space Age American Table Lamps
Materials
Chrome
FIN Shade Table Lamp, light blue, hand built ceramic lamp by Kalin Asenov
By Kalin Asenov
Located in Savannah, GA
FIN Azure Icefall Glaze
The glaze envelops the lamp in layers of cool, crystalline blues and silvery undertones, evoking the tranquil depth of arctic ice illuminated by soft light.
V...
Category
2010s Modern American Table Lamps
Materials
Ceramic
Bradley
Hubbard Antique Arts
Crafts Brass Student Lamp
By Bradley
Hubbard
Located in South Bend, IN
A gorgeous antique Arts and Crafts or Victorian brass student lamp or desk lamp with white glass shade
By Bradley & Hubbard
USA, Early 20th Century
Measures: 18.5"W x 12"D x 21"H....
Category
Early 20th Century Arts and Crafts American Table Lamps
Materials
Brass
Post Modern Memphis Alsy Style Squiggle Form Black Metal Table Lamp c. 1980/90s
By Alsy Manufacturing 1
Located in New York, NY
Wiggly, and squiggly Post Modern, Memphis school table lamp made in the USA, attributed to Alsy, circa 1980/90's, unsigned. The lamp is in very good, original, clean and working cond...
Category
Late 20th Century Post-Modern American Table Lamps
Materials
Metal
Jane and Gordon Martz Mid-Century Ceramic Lamp with Chocolate Glaze
By Gordon
Jane Martz
Located in Stamford, CT
Jane and Gordon Martz Mid-Century teardrop form ceramic lamp with rich chocolate glaze and original walnut finial. Elegant form, timeless style. Signed. Circa 1960.
26" high to top ...
Category
Mid-20th Century Mid-Century Modern American Table Lamps
Materials
Ceramic
Richard Barr for Laurel Lighting Brutalist Table Lamp
By Richard Barr, Laurel Lamp Company
Located in Philadelphia, PA
Richard Barr Torch Cut and Welded Brutalist Table Lamp done for Laurel Lighting. In nice original condition with a shade that could be original to the lamp. Really great scale! St...
Category
Mid-20th Century Mid-Century Modern American Table Lamps
Materials
Metal
Modern Sculptural Ceramic Lamp with Abstract Floral Motif and linen shade
By Calyer Ceramics
Located in Brooklyn, NY
A modern collectible, this one-of-a-kind ceramic table lamp merges sculptural form with refined craftsmanship. The spherical base is hand-built in red stoneware clay, then finished w...
Category
2010s Modern American Table Lamps
Materials
Brass
Midcentury Fredrick Cooper brass tray Faux Bamboo Floor Lamp Table
By Frederick Cooper
Located in South Charleston, WV
Sale Jan-March 2026. 52" tall, 16" diameter. Asian inspired faux bamboo floor lamp by Frederick Cooper features etched brass tray table with a Chinese scene surmounted by a tall bra...
Category
Mid-20th Century Hollywood Regency American Table Lamps
Materials
Brass
$1,153 Sale Price
35% Off
Curtis Jere Brass Box Shade Table Lamp
By Curtis Jeré
Located in Cincinnati, OH
A sophisticated Mid Century Modern brass table lamp with large box shade making this quite the statement piece in any room setting. Polished with matching base this exceptional lamp ...
Category
Mid-20th Century Mid-Century Modern American Table Lamps
Materials
Brass
Crackle Textured Handmade Ceramic Mushroom Lamp, Blue
By Ethan Streicher, Streicher Goods
Located in Brooklyn, NY
Every mushroom lamp is hand-made and hand-painted by Ethan Streicher, the founder and designer behind the Streicher Goods brand in Brooklyn, NY. The lamp's silhouette is simple and c...
Category
2010s Mid-Century Modern American Table Lamps
Materials
Brass
Deco Nautilus and Conch Shell Lamp
Located in Riverdale, NY
Charming Art Deco Nautilus and Conch Shell Lamp from the 1940's with original bulb. 1940's USA.
Category
1940s Art Deco Vintage American Table Lamps
Materials
Shell
"
Egyptian Revival Candle Lamp", Art Deco Bronze/Glass Lamp, Tiffany Studios
By Tiffany Studios
Located in Philadelphia, PA
Although Louis Comfort Tiffany is world-renowned for his works in glass and bronze influenced by the Art Nouveau style -- including his stained glass lamps and windows, and his many ...
Category
1920s Art Deco Vintage American Table Lamps
Materials
Bronze
Martz / Marshall Studios Ceramic Table Lamps—Blue Glaze Two Piece Design
By Gordon
Jane Martz
Located in Portland, OR
What is it?
—
This pair of Gordon and Jane Martz lamps features a glossy sapphire blue glaze with a speckled, mottled surface. Upon close inspection, the glaze reveals a subtle inter...
Category
1960s Mid-Century Modern Vintage American Table Lamps
Materials
Brass
$4,550 Sale Price / set
30% Off
Mid-Century Modern Sculptural Translucent Glass Table Lamps with Brass Fittings
Located in New York, NY
This exquisite pair of Mid-Century Modern table lamps showcases a breathtaking balance of artistic fluidity and precision design. The lamp bodies are composed of two flowing, interse...
Category
1950s Mid-Century Modern Vintage American Table Lamps
Materials
Brass
CADEN Ceramic Dome Table Lamp, Highly Textured Black Lava Glaze, by Kalin Asenov
By Kalin Asenov
Located in Savannah, GA
Obsidian Reef
A deeply textured black lava glaze, reminiscent of coral and natural stone, with captivating shades that come alive when illuminated
In Kalin Asenov's studio locat...
Category
2010s Modern American Table Lamps
Materials
Ceramic
Exquisite Tiffany Studios Bronze
Leaded Glass "Feather" Table Lamp, Circa 1915
By Tiffany Studios
Located in Tarry Town, NY
This superb Tiffany Studios table lamp, dating to circa 1915, represents the height of American decorative artistry in the early twentieth century. With its refined conical leaded gl...
Category
1910s Art Nouveau Vintage American Table Lamps
Materials
Cast Stone, Bronze
Contemporary Oblong Huxley Table Lamp in Lichen Yellow by Elyse Graham
By Elyse Graham
Located in Springfield, OR
This collection is inspired by the unique galaxy of microorganisms living within each of us. We created a technique for dying and stippling each base that evokes the nature of microb...
Category
2010s Organic Modern American Table Lamps
Materials
Resin, Plaster
CADEN Table Ceramic Dome Lamp, Highly Textured Light Lava Glaze by Kalin Asenov
By Kalin Asenov
Located in Savannah, GA
A highly textured white lava glaze, evoking the essence of coral and natural stone.
In Kalin Asenov's studio located in Savannah, GA, each piece is meticulously handcrafted using...
Category
2010s Modern American Table Lamps
Materials
Ceramic
Pair of 1970
s Beautifully Crafted Coconut Shell Lamps.
Located in New York, NY
Beautifully hand crafted pair of 1970's coconut shell lamps with a lacquered finish.
The lamps have been Newly rewired with silk rayon cords and ivory shades.
The shade dimensions a...
Category
1970s Mid-Century Modern Vintage American Table Lamps
Materials
Brass
Pair Vintage Brass Urn Table Lamps
Located in Houston, TX
Pair of vintage brass urn table lamps with wood base and white linen lampshades.
Category
Mid-20th Century Hollywood Regency American Table Lamps
Materials
Brass
$2,600 / set
Glazed Ceramic Table Lamps w/ Natural Linen Shades, United States, 21st Century
By Lawson-Fenning
Located in San Francisco, CA
Known as the Martin Lamp, sold as a pair, these table lamps are custom glazed ceramic in gloss cork are made in upstate New York by Stone and Sawyer for Lawson-Fenning. Barely used ...
Category
21st Century and Contemporary Organic Modern American Table Lamps
Materials
Brass
Pair of Vintage Blue and White Lamps
Located in New York, NY
Pair of 1960's American blue porcelain lamps with applied foliage decoration.
Measurements:
Height of body: 15"
Height to shade rest: 24.25"
Base: 7.25" x 7.25"
Category
1960s Vintage American Table Lamps
Materials
Porcelain, Lucite
$5,400 / set
Curtain Lamp
By Analuisa Corrigan Studio
Located in West Hollywood, CA
Lamp: H 10'“ x W 3”
Shade: white linen, loose fitting H 7” x W (top) 6” x W (bottom) 6”
Glaze: Sage matte, white matte, black shiny, matte blue
Hardware: unfinished brass
The curtain lamp is hand sculpted and made to order. Please allow for slight variations between each piece, as molds are not used. Each piece is crafted with a coiling technique and is made and designed by Analuisa Corrigan. The overall height, shade fabric and glaze may be custom if needed. Each shade is made of carefully selected vintage...
Category
2010s American Table Lamps
Materials
Brass
$2,350 / item
Juliette Lamp by Charlie Dumais
By Dumais Made
Located in Bantam, CT
Our stoneware Juliette Lamp is handcrafted using slab-construction techniques. The lamp’s pattern is created by rolling the surface with textured rolling pins and rods.
FINISH
- Ca...
Category
2010s Modern American Table Lamps
Materials
Ceramic, Clay, Pottery, Stoneware
Series 03 Table Lamp, "Smoke" Patinated Brass, Stitched Goatskin Parchment Shade
By Adam Otlewski
Located in Ozone Park, NY
Sculpted solid brass in "smoke" acid patinated finish, machined and mechanically fastened. handstitched goatskin parchment shade, with hand-dyed braided cotton cord. All material fin...
Category
2010s Bauhaus American Table Lamps
Materials
Brass
FIN Shade Ceramic Table Lamp, Hand Built, Green Satin Glaze, by Kalin Asenov
By Kalin Asenov
Located in Savannah, GA
FIN _November Green
Please note that this listing includes the table base, light bulbs and finial. It is wired for use in the US. If you would like a linen shade as shown in the imag...
Category
2010s Modern American Table Lamps
Materials
Ceramic
Read More
How the Anglepoise Lamp Went from Desktop Companion to Hollywood Icon
Since its 1934 debut, the ingenious task light has become one of the most celebrated examples of industrial design.
100 Black Lamps Light Up the 1stdibs Gallery
The Gallery’s first fall show, “Enlightened,” reimagines how light fixtures can be seen.