Skip to main content

French Provincial Chairs

FRENCH PROVINCIAL STYLE

Removed from the fashions of the court, French Provincial style developed in the provinces of the country, such as Provence, Normandy, the Loire Valley and Bordeaux. Dating to the 17th and 18th centuries, French Provincial furniture was not as ostentatious as the designs being produced for the royal palaces, but elegant S-shape cabriole legs and ornate carvings elevated the sturdy chairs, sofas, tables and bedroom furniture intended for everyday use.

Although it varies by region, antique French Provincial furniture is unified by solid construction and an artisanal attention to design. While this furniture often followed the metropolitan trends — including the Rococo or neoclassical aesthetics of Louis XIV, Louis XV and Louis XVI — since it was produced in the French countryside it was more subdued with nods to its rustic settings.

Local materials like fruitwoods, oak, beech and walnut were used to construct large French Provincial armoires for storage and comfortable armchairs with rush-woven seats. Wrought-iron elements and carvings like floral details and scallop patterns were common as ornamentation. Furniture was frequently painted white or other muted colors that coordinated with gilt and would acquire a patina of age over time. Other wood was just stained with vibrant fabric such as toile de Jouy, which sometimes depicted pastoral scenes, adding color as upholstery.

The style arrived in the United States after World War I, with soldiers returning home wanting furniture like what they had seen in the rural homes and castles of France. In Grand Rapids, Michigan, designer John Widdicomb split from his family business, the Widdicomb Furniture Company, and had been focusing on Louis XV– and French Provincial–style furnishings since the early 1900s. Other American manufacturers such as Baker, Drexel, Henredon and Thomasville also responded to demand. Today antique French Provincial pieces and reproductions continue to be popular.

Find a collection of antique French Provincial dining tables, seating, decorative objects and other furniture on 1stDibs.

to
41
64
45
105
4
1
Height
to
Width
to
Depth
to
54
43
5
11
3
14
2
5
1
1
1
1
7,637
5,589
1,087
596
301
243
197
176
175
155
150
150
132
113
108
84
74
69
4
22
79
5
17
33
19
1
6
1
7
4
9
6
6
3
98
35
35
18
17
75
60
8
8
4
110
109
110
4
2
2
2
1
Style: French Provincial
Rustic French Provincial Sculptured Chair in the Style of Alexandre Noll, 1960s
Located in Nürnberg, Bayern
Rustic French Provincial Sculptured Chair in the Style of Alexandre Noll, 1960s The seat width is 32 cm, the seat depth 35 cm and the seat height 38 cm. The overall width is 42cm, ...
Category

1950s French Vintage French Provincial Chairs

Materials

Elm

French Vintage Style Bistro Folding Iron Chair, Indoor Outdoor
Located in Miami, FL
French vintage style bistro folding iron chair. Price per item.
Category

2010s Spanish French Provincial Chairs

Materials

Iron

Six French Dining Chairs Walnut Chairs Rush Seats Provincial Style, circa 1970
Located in Labrit, Landes
Straw and walnut chairs made in Dordogne. Artisanal work with local walnut, the production of walnuts being one of the local specialties of the region. A charming set of six French provincial chairs made in the 1970s. The rush seats and backs are in excellent condition. A set of dining chairs that would make a fabulous addition to a breakfast or dining room or conservatory. Shipping: L 140 P 60...
Category

Mid-20th Century French French Provincial Chairs

Materials

Rush, Walnut

Minton Spidell French Provincial Leather Arm Chairs
Located in LOS ANGELES, CA
Pair of Minton Spidell French Provincial Mahogany & Leather Arm Chairs
Category

1990s American French Provincial Chairs

Materials

Leather, Mahogany

Late 19th Century Green Arras Garden Chair
Located in Hastings, GB
A wonderful Arras Garden chair, dating to the late 1890's. The chair is in superb condition, we believe it is a folding chair, but the years of paint have set the chair in the open p...
Category

1890s French Antique French Provincial Chairs

Materials

Iron

18th Century Pair of French Louis XV Carved Walnut Armchairs
Located in San Francisco, CA
18th century pair of French Louis XV carved walnut armchairs The chairs currently have a lightly distressed green linen fabric. Ea...
Category

Late 18th Century French Antique French Provincial Chairs

Materials

Walnut

Custom Set of Eight French Style Ladder Back Chairs
Located in Woodbury, CT
These chairs, constructed in sturdy oak, but finished in a fruitwood stain offer the best of both worlds: Handsome French country style and solid, substantial construction. The rush ...
Category

21st Century and Contemporary Belgian French Provincial Chairs

Materials

Oak

19th Century Six French Hand Carved Dining Chairs in Provincial Style
Located in Sofia, BG
Six dining chairs from 19th century. Massive walnut hand carved frame with floral accents and rush seats. Five chairs and one armchair with lower back. All in good condition. Could ...
Category

19th Century French Antique French Provincial Chairs

Materials

Rush, Wood

Series of 8 chairs in solid elm and mulched seat
Located in LYON, FR
This series of chairs from the 1950s is in excellent condition. Their seat is like new but vintage. Very stable, comfortable and solid, they will be perfect for example around a farm...
Category

1950s French Vintage French Provincial Chairs

Materials

Elm

Henredon French Provincial Cane Back Dining Chairs, Set of 6
Located in Lake Worth, FL
Offering one of our recent Palm Beach Estate fine furniture acquisitions of a set of 6 vintage henredon French Provincial cane back dining chairs...
Category

Mid-20th Century French Provincial Chairs

Materials

Cane, Wood

French Provincial Louis XV Down Cushions Fauteuil Armchairs - Set of 2
Located in Lake Worth, FL
For FULL item description click on More Details Below. Shipping Quote Information The shipping quote stated in the listing was from 1st Dibs and they normally set all the costs and ...
Category

1970s Vintage French Provincial Chairs

Materials

Wood, Cotton, Down

Charles Dudouyt, French decorator, set of 4 low chairs, 1940s
Located in leucate, FR
4 French design armchairs. These armchairs were designed by designer Charles Dudouyt in the 1930s. They are made up of a solid oak structure and a seat in woven rye straw. The wood ...
Category

1940s European Vintage French Provincial Chairs

Materials

Straw, Oak

Series of 4 French pine chairs, 1970s
Located in LYON, FR
We fell in love with this series of solid pine chairs with absolutely graphic, Aztec lines. Perfectly stable and solid, they are presented here in their original patina and therefore...
Category

1970s French Vintage French Provincial Chairs

Materials

Pine

Series of 4 French pine chairs, 1970s
Series of 4 French pine chairs, 1970s
$468 Sale Price / set
20% Off
French Set of Height Straw Elm Chairs, late 19th Century
Located in Labrit, Landes
French strawed and turned sets of chairs, made in elm circa 1880. These chairs are hand made in a workshop by different workers. It is why the chairs have sometimes have small measur...
Category

Late 19th Century French Antique French Provincial Chairs

Materials

Straw, Elm

Dordogne Chairs by Robert Sentou for Charlotte Perriand France 1960s Set of Four
Located in London, GB
Set of four dining chairs "Dordogne" for Charlotte Perriand by Robert Sentou. Robert Sentou (1922-2008), had founded 1947, a furniture manufacturing workshop he called "La Chaise Pai...
Category

1960s French Vintage French Provincial Chairs

Materials

Straw, Ash

Vintage Designer French Provincial Accent Chairs by Emanuel, Set of 2
Located in Lake Worth, FL
For FULL item description click on More Details below. Shipping Quote Information The shipping quote stated in the listing was from 1st Dibs and they normally set all the costs and handle all the shipping details. However, if you let us know what 1st Dibs is quoting you and give us your zip code, we can sometimes ship it for less and get it to you faster. For a shipping quote, click on "ASK THE SELLER" under the purchase button and provide your zip code. Offering One Of Our Recent Palm Beach Estate Fine Furniture Acquisitions Of A Pair of Vintage Designer French Provincial Accent Chairs...
Category

1980s Vintage French Provincial Chairs

Materials

Wood, Cotton

Antique Louis XIII Style French Armchairs, A Pair
Located in Lake Worth, FL
For FULL item description click on More Details below. Shipping Quote Information The shipping quote stated in the listing was from 1st Dibs and they normally set all the costs and ...
Category

Early 20th Century French Provincial Chairs

Materials

Cotton, Wood

Romweber French Provincial Louis XV Carved Acacia Wood Vanity Chair, Circa 1920s
Located in South Bend, IN
An exceptional French Provincial Louis XV style vanity chair or bench By Romweber USA, Circa 1920s Stunning carved Acacia wood, with upholstered seat and back. Measures: 26.38"W ...
Category

1920s American Vintage French Provincial Chairs

Materials

Upholstery, Wood

Wooden French Prvincial Chair, 1960s
Located in Nürnberg, Bayern
We have a total of 5 chairs. 2 are slightly different, probably from a different oak board. But all had been bought together. They are very heavy, about 25kg per chair.
Category

1960s French Vintage French Provincial Chairs

Materials

Oak

Perriand - Inspired - Set of Six Chairs - Olivetree and Rush - 1950 - France
Located in Split, Splitsko-dalmatinska županija
Introducing a stunning set of six mid-century chairs from France, crafted with a beautiful combination of olivewood and rush seating. These chairs pay homage to the influential works...
Category

1950s French Vintage French Provincial Chairs

Materials

Rush, Olive

Early 20th Century Set of Four Rattan and Wood Chairs
Located in Barcelona, ES
Early 20th century set of two chairs. Wooden chairs with a traditional rattan seat. In good original condition, with minor wear consistent with age and use, preserving a beautiful...
Category

Early 20th Century French French Provincial Chairs

Materials

Rattan, Wood

French Pair of Side Poplar Chairs Swiss Alp Style 19th Century
Located in Labrit, Landes
Two side chairs, made of poplar in 1807. Mountain chalet style perfect for a log cabin. A heart on the folder  Shipping: 90 / 51 / 39 cm 8 Kg
Category

Early 1800s Spanish Antique French Provincial Chairs

Materials

Poplar

Antique French Provincial Louis XVI Armchair
Located in Elkhart, IN
A stunning French Provincial Louis XVI style armchair France, Circa 1920s Carved painted wood frame, with light blue velvet upholstery Measures: 24.5"W x 20.5"D x 34.75"H. Seat he...
Category

1920s French Vintage French Provincial Chairs

Materials

Upholstery, Wood, Paint

Wooden French Prvincial Chair, 1960s
Located in Nürnberg, Bayern
We have a total of 5 chairs. 2 are slightly different, probably from a different oak board. But all had been bought together. They are very heavy, about 25kg per chair.
Category

1960s French Vintage French Provincial Chairs

Materials

Oak

Antique French Cane Walnut Dining Chairs, Set of 6
Located in Lake Worth, FL
For FULL item description click on More Details below. Shipping Quote Information The shipping quote stated in the listing was from 1st Dibs and they normally set all the costs and handle all the shipping details. However, if you let us know what 1st Dibs is quoting you and give us your zip code, we can sometimes ship it for less and get it to you faster. For a shipping quote, click on "ASK THE SELLER" under the purchase button and provide your zip code. Offering One Of Our Recent Palm Beach Estate Fine Furniture Acquisitions Of A Set of 6 Antique Early 1900's French Provincial Cane...
Category

Early 20th Century French Provincial Chairs

Materials

Cane, Walnut

French Provincial Corner Chair
Located in New York, US
French Provincial Corner Chair France, 19th Century 17"D x 28"H
Category

19th Century French Antique French Provincial Chairs

Materials

Wood

Pair of 1960s Bent Bamboo Rattan Wicker Dirk Van Sliedrecht Side Lounge Chairs
Located in Carimate, Como
Beautiful 1960s pair of bamboo chairs in the design of Dirk Van Sliedrecht. These charming Mid-Century Modern pieces with the unique design and tall high back where the organic beaut...
Category

Mid-20th Century Italian French Provincial Chairs

Materials

Bamboo

Vintage French Country Caned Back Dining Chairs - Set of 6
Located in Lake Worth, FL
For FULL item description click on More Details below. Shipping Quote Information The shipping quote stated in the listing was from 1st Dibs and they normally set all the costs and handle all the shipping details. However, if you let us know what 1st Dibs is quoting you and give us your zip code, we can sometimes ship it for less and get it to you faster. For a shipping quote, click on "ASK THE SELLER" under the purchase button and provide your zip code. Set of 6 Vintage French Country Caned Back Flamestitch Fabric...
Category

Mid-20th Century French Provincial Chairs

Materials

Cotton, Cane

Pair Dining Chairs Swiss Alp Escabelles Oak Brutalist Style, French, Late 19th C
Located in Labrit, Landes
Pair of chairs, Swiss Alp escabelles in the brutalist style French, late 19th century Characterful One of the chairs has a sapwood part on the back (see last photo) please ask if ...
Category

1890s French Antique French Provincial Chairs

Materials

Oak

Black Rattan Bar Chairs
Located in Austin, TX
A pair of versatile black rattan and bamboo counter stools. Timeless lines -- they coordinate well in a traditional or contemporary interior. The...
Category

21st Century and Contemporary American French Provincial Chairs

Materials

Bamboo, Rattan

Painted French Walnut Provincial Chair in Raw Silk Brocade
Located in Malibu, CA
Hand carved hand painted provincial walnut armchair. Reupholstered in gray beige raw silk brocade. Finished with ornate antiqued brass tacks.  
Category

Early 20th Century Italian French Provincial Chairs

Materials

Brass

French Wingback Armchair by Christopher Guy
Located in Lake Worth, FL
For FULL item description click on More Details below. Shipping Quote Information The shipping quote stated in the listing was from 1st Dibs and they normally set all the costs and ...
Category

Late 20th Century French Provincial Chairs

Materials

Silk, Hardwood

Pair of French iron architectural chairs, 1940s
Located in Sherborne, GB
A wonderful pair of sculptural and architectural side chairs. They are beaten iron that seems to have been painted green in an earlier life. They have the most pleasing and interesti...
Category

1940s French Vintage French Provincial Chairs

Materials

Iron

French Pair of Turned Straw Beech Chairs, circa 1940
Located in Labrit, Landes
French strawed and turned pair of chairs, made circa 1940 False pair from a different source but allowing them to be placed in a room like side chairs. This explain the difference in...
Category

1940s French Vintage French Provincial Chairs

Materials

Straw, Beech

2 Robert Sentou Dordogne Chairs for Charlotte Perriand - 1950
Located in SOTTEVILLE-LÈS-ROUEN, FR
Set of two dining chairs designed by Robert Sentou for Sentou editions in the 1950s, and curated by Charlotte Perriand for various interior projects. The chairs feature a stained a...
Category

1960s French Vintage French Provincial Chairs

Materials

Wood

Vintage French Faux Bamboo Cane Linen Chairs Pair
Located in Lake Worth, FL
For FULL item description click on More Details below. Shipping Quote Information The shipping quote stated in the listing was from 1st Dibs and they normally set all the costs and ...
Category

1970s Vintage French Provincial Chairs

Materials

Faux Bamboo, Linen, Wood

Alsatian chair with interlacing pattern on the back, France 1930s
Located in Nürnberg, Bayern
We have a total of three of these great chairs. They are offered individually here on the platform. Condition according to age with signs of wear. See pictures.
Category

1930s French Vintage French Provincial Chairs

Materials

Oak

Great Hand Carved Wooden High Back Chair with Sea Grass Seat from Spain, 1960s
Located in Nürnberg, Bayern
Great hand carved wooden high back chair with sea grass seat from Spain, 1960s. The pictures speak for themselves.
Category

1960s Spanish Vintage French Provincial Chairs

Materials

Seagrass, Wood

Late 19th Century French Bench Provincial Oak High Back, circa 1890
Located in Labrit, Landes
French high back bench, circa 1890 to be recovered French Provincial hand carved oak In good antique condition with minor signs of use for its age, the upholstery is in good condit...
Category

Early 19th Century French Antique French Provincial Chairs

Materials

Chestnut

Rustic French 1890s Cherry Wood Armchair with Rush Seat and Sheaf Back
Located in Atlanta, GA
A rustic French cherry wood armchair from the late 19th century, with rush seat and sheaf back. Created in France during the last decade of the 19th century, this cherry wood armchair charms us with its rustic appeal and turned accents. The chair showcases a sheaf back with turned supports, connected to two open curving arms. The rush seat (measuring 19"D x 14"H) is resting on four turned legs connected to one another through an apron carved with petite motifs...
Category

Late 19th Century French Antique French Provincial Chairs

Materials

Rush, Cherry

1930s Charles Dudouyt French Low Side Chair
Located in West Hollywood, CA
CHARLES DUDOUYT (France, 1885-1946). Side chair "Straw", 1930s. Structure in bulrush wood and wicker seat. Measurements: 66 x 46 x 39 cm. Beautiful small chair that could work in an...
Category

Early 20th Century French French Provincial Chairs

Materials

Rush, Oak

Set of Four Dining Chairs in Oak and Rush, France, 1950s
Located in Split, Splitsko-dalmatinska županija
With gently bowed legs and high backs etched in quiet curvature, this set of four chairs evokes the poise of pastoral architecture—each one a humble monument to vernacular grace. The...
Category

Mid-20th Century French French Provincial Chairs

Materials

Rush, Oak

French Provincial Mahogany Dining Chairs by Bau Furniture Co, Set of 6
By Bau Furniture 1
Located in Lake Worth, FL
For FULL item description click on More Details below. Shipping Quote Information The shipping quote stated in the listing was from 1st Dibs and they normally set all the costs and ...
Category

1980s Vintage French Provincial Chairs

Materials

Cotton, Mahogany

French Provincial Pair of Wooden Chairs
Located in Brescia, IT
This elegant pair of wooden chair was made in France, following the charming French Provincial style. They are lacquered with a modern color, tha...
Category

21st Century and Contemporary French French Provincial Chairs

Materials

Fabric, Wood

French Provincial Pair of Wooden Chairs
French Provincial Pair of Wooden Chairs
$1,531 Sale Price / set
20% Off
Antique Rural Dutch Carved Corner Bobbin Chair with New Rush Nr2
Located in Boven Leeuwen, NL
Very charming oak Bobbin chair that fits perfect in a corner. The rush of the seat is new and therefore it is still a bit green but that will soon fade. This chair was made in the ...
Category

1920s Dutch Vintage French Provincial Chairs

Materials

Rush, Oak

Set of 6 Louis XVI French Cane leather Chairs. Circa late 1800s
Located in Brooklyn, NY
This exquisite set of six Louis XVI cane dining chairs brings a touch of Provence to the heart of the Hudson Valley. With their elegant lines and classic design, these chairs showcas...
Category

19th Century French Antique French Provincial Chairs

Materials

Leather, Cane, Wood

Chair, Northern Europe, 1920s.
Located in Chorzów, PL
A chair from the early 20th century. The furniture is in very good condition. Dimensions: height 107 cm / seat height 45 cm / width 49 cm / depth 56 cm
Category

1920s Scandinavian Vintage French Provincial Chairs

Materials

Walnut

Pair of 19th Century Country French Provincial Farmhouse Benches
Located in Rio Vista, CA
Gorgeous pair of late 19th century country French provincial farmhouse bench seats crafted from fruitwood. These harvest benches feature a 1.5-inch thick...
Category

19th Century French Antique French Provincial Chairs

Materials

Fruitwood

French Bergere Armchairs - A Pair
Located in Lake Worth, FL
For FULL item description click on More Details below. Shipping Quote Information The shipping quote stated in the listing was from 1st Dibs and they normally set all the costs and ...
Category

1970s Vintage French Provincial Chairs

Materials

Cotton, Wood

French Bergere Armchairs - A Pair
French Bergere Armchairs - A Pair
$1,196 Sale Price / set
20% Off
Vintage French Louis Philippe Mahogany Scroll Form Fauteuil Armchairs
Located in Elkton, MD
Crafted from quality mahogany wood, upholstered in neutral cream fabric.
Category

Early 20th Century French French Provincial Chairs

Materials

Upholstery, Mahogany

Vintage French Country Oak Wingback Dining Chairs, Set of 6
Located in Lake Worth, FL
For full item description be sure to click on CONTINUE READING at the bottom of this listing. Offering one of our recent Palm beach estate fine furniture acquisitions of a set of 6 vintage French country oak dining chairs...
Category

Mid-20th Century French Provincial Chairs

Materials

Cane, Oak

Louis Philippe "Voltaire" Reading Chair, French Circa 1870
Located in Doylestown, PA
A Louis Philippe Period high-back "Voltaire" reading chair in fruitwood, circa 1870, with arched back and cabriole legs.
Category

Late 19th Century French Antique French Provincial Chairs

Materials

Fruitwood

Shabby Chic Boudoir Lounge Chair by Carol Hicks Bolton
Located in Lake Worth, FL
For FULL item description click on More Details below. Shipping Quote Information The shipping quote stated in the listing was from 1st Dibs and they normally set all the costs and handle all the shipping details. However, if you let us know what 1st Dibs is quoting you and give us your zip code, we can sometimes ship it for less and get it to you faster. For a shipping quote, click on "ASK THE SELLER" under the purchase button and provide your zip code. Offering one of our recent palm beach estate fine furniture acquisitions of a Really stunningly beautiful accent chair attributed to CAROL HICKS BOLTON...
Category

1980s Vintage French Provincial Chairs

Materials

Cotton

Antique French Handmade Brutalist Oak Cognac Leather Castle Chairs, 1920s.
Located in Eindhoven, Noord Brabant
Set of 2 Antique Castle Chairs in thick Cognac leather and oak wood. It was handmade in France in the late twenties. Handmade only from wood and leather. The patinated solid oak fram...
Category

Early 20th Century French French Provincial Chairs

Materials

Leather, Oak

1950s Wood and Woven Wicker Chair in Gio Ponti Style from Paris, France
Located in IT
This 1950s wood and woven wicker chair, crafted in the style of renowned designer Gio Ponti, exudes timeless elegance and craftsmanship. Made in Paris, France, the chair features a s...
Category

1950s French Vintage French Provincial Chairs

Materials

Wicker, Wood

Marge Carson Huntington Manor Statement Lounge Chair Model HT49
Located in Lake Worth, FL
For FULL item description click on More Details below. Shipping Quote Information The shipping quote stated in the listing was from 1st Dibs and they normally set all the costs and ...
Category

1990s French Provincial Chairs

Materials

Leather, Fabric, Wood

Vintage French Double Caned Hooded Chair
Located in West Palm Beach, FL
Vintage double caned French Hooded or Porters chair with newly upholstered Scalamandre Toile Fabric.
Category

20th Century French French Provincial Chairs

Materials

Fabric, Cane

1800s French Louis XIII Walnut Throne Armchair
Located in Lake Worth, FL
For FULL item description be sure to click on CONTINUE READING at the bottom of this listing. Offering one of our recent Palm Beach estate fine furniture acquisitions of a 1800s Fre...
Category

Late 19th Century Antique French Provincial Chairs

Materials

Cotton, Walnut

1940s French Chair by Charles Dudouyt with a unique two-tone rush weave
Located in London, GB
Single rustic dining chair by Charles Dudouyt with a unique two-tone red and natural rush weave.
Category

1940s French Vintage French Provincial Chairs

Materials

Straw, Rush, Oak

French Provincial Fauteuil Accent Chairs Armchairs
Located in Lake Worth, FL
For FULL item description click on More Details below. Shipping Quote Information The shipping quote stated in the listing was from 1st Dibs and they normally set all the costs and handle all the shipping details. However, if you let us know what 1st Dibs is quoting you and give us your zip code, we can sometimes ship it for less and get it to you faster. For a shipping quote, click on "ASK THE SELLER" under the purchase button and provide your zip code. Offering one of our recent Palm Beach home furnishings acquisition of a Pair of Vinateg French Provincial Fauteuil carved wood upholstered accent chairs...
Category

1980s Vintage French Provincial Chairs

Materials

Wood, Cotton

French Provincial chairs for sale on 1stDibs.

Find a broad range of unique French Provincial chairs for sale on 1stDibs. Many of these items were first offered in the 21st Century and Contemporary, but contemporary artisans have continued to produce works inspired by this style. If you’re looking to add vintage chairs created in this style to your space, the works available on 1stDibs include seating, building and garden elements, more furniture and collectibles and other home furnishings, frequently crafted with wood, fabric and other materials. If you’re shopping for used French Provincial chairs made in a specific country, there are Europe, France, and North America pieces for sale on 1stDibs. While there are many designers and brands associated with original chairs, popular names associated with this style include Century Furniture, Charles Dudouyt, Henredon, and Marge Carson. It’s true that these talented designers have at times inspired knockoffs, but our experienced specialists have partnered with only top vetted sellers to offer authentic pieces that come with a buyer protection guarantee. Prices for chairs differ depending upon multiple factors, including designer, materials, construction methods, condition and provenance. On 1stDibs, the price for these items starts at $162 and tops out at $12,000 while the average work can sell for $1,516.

Still Thinking About These?

All Recently Viewed