Continental Europe - Abstract Sculptures
to
80
777
247
239
145
345
Overall Width
to
Overall Height
to
3
4
267
1,479
1
3
1
8
13
17
39
22
1
768
650
51
21
12
7
6
4
2
1
21
16
10
10
7
5
5
5
4
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
974
404
336
264
255
102
82
78
32
30
5
7
1,753
6,185
1,972
Item Ships From: Continental Europe
The Lunatic - Haude Bernabé, 21st Century, Contemporary metal sculpture, figure
By Haude Bernabé
Located in Paris, FR
Polished steel sculpture
Unique work
Signed and dated on the base
Born in Brest and with a scientific background, Haude Bernabé has devoted herself to art since the early 1990s. Her...
Category
2010s Contemporary Continental Europe - Abstract Sculptures
Materials
Steel
Grey head - Haude Bernabé, 21st Century, Contemporary metal sculpture, figure
By Haude Bernabé
Located in Paris, FR
Steel sculpture
Unique work
Signed on the base
Born in Brest and with a scientific background, Haude Bernabé has devoted herself to art since the early 1990s. Her first passion was ...
Category
2010s Contemporary Continental Europe - Abstract Sculptures
Materials
Steel
British Contemporary Sculpture by Philip Hearsey - Skyfire II
By Philip Hearsey
Located in Paris, IDF
Leafed resin freely rotating on a scorched oak base
Unique
Stamped with monogram signature and uniquely numbered 793
The pulverised metal leaf is lacquered for protection
Turning th...
Category
2010s Abstract Continental Europe - Abstract Sculptures
Materials
Resin, Oak
British Contemporary Sculpture by Philip Hearsey - Fragment I
By Philip Hearsey
Located in Paris, IDF
Bronze on a composite base
Unique variation
Stamped with monogram signature and uniquely numbered 751A
The concave surface is finished in oxidised silver leaf.
The natural bronze edg...
Category
2010s Abstract Continental Europe - Abstract Sculptures
Materials
Stone, Bronze
Lulo 1
2 - Contemporary sculptures by Zlata Kornilova, Yakisugi Burnt Wood
Located in Paris, FR
Sculptures Lulo 1 & 2 by Zlata Kornilova
Limited edition of 12
Dimensions
- Lulo 1 : H. 89 cm x D. 27 cm
- Lulo 2 : H. 89 cm x D. 27 cm
Mediums: Ash...
Category
21st Century and Contemporary Contemporary Continental Europe - Abstract Sculptures
Materials
Brass
French Contemporary Sculpture by Eric Beauplace - L
Attrape Rêve #1
By Eric Beauplace
Located in Paris, IDF
Linen, linen strap, acrylic glass (mirror, iridescent), gesso, golden wax, wire & acrylic paint on panel
Eric Beauplace is a French contemporary plastic artist born in 1962 who live...
Category
2010s Contemporary Continental Europe - Abstract Sculptures
Materials
Wire
Untitled
Located in Wien, 9
Barbara Szüts was born in Bad Bleiberg in Carinthia (AUSTRIA) in 1952. She studied painting with Carl Unger at the University of Applied Arts in Vienna from 1974 to 1980. From 1986 t...
Category
Early 2000s Contemporary Continental Europe - Abstract Sculptures
Materials
Wood, Oil
Sailing, red
Located in Wien, 9
The artwork is consists of a 3D-print (digital drawing), mounted on a black photo-cardboard. The object can be removed from the cardboard if you wish so and hung or placed as desired...
Category
Early 2000s Contemporary Continental Europe - Abstract Sculptures
Materials
Digital
Sailing, green
Located in Wien, 9
The artwork is consists of a 3D-print (digital drawing), mounted on a black photo-cardboard. The object can be removed from the cardboard if you wish so and hung or placed as desired...
Category
Early 2000s Contemporary Continental Europe - Abstract Sculptures
Materials
Digital
Bronze Black Sculpture
O.T. 2
by Carola Eggeling, Patinated Bronze
By Carola Eggeling
Located in Paris, FR
Bronze Black Sculpture 'O.T. 2' by Carola Eggeling
Abstract sculpture with beautiful curved lines.
German bronze black sculpture
Bronze patinated
Certificate of authenticity
Numbere...
Category
21st Century and Contemporary Abstract Continental Europe - Abstract Sculptures
Materials
Bronze
American Contemporary Sculpture by Scott Troxel - SSB1
By Scott Troxel
Located in Paris, IDF
Artwork made in Shou Sugi Ban Pine, MDF, enamel, satin lacquer & stain
Scott Troxel has exhibited his work at numerous fairs and exhibitions across the United States, including The ...
Category
2010s Abstract Continental Europe - Abstract Sculptures
Materials
Enamel
British Contemporary Sculpture by Philip Hearsey - Shifting Skies I
By Philip Hearsey
Located in Paris, IDF
Bronze on a composite base
Unique variation
Stamped with monogram signature and numbered 755A
Apertures are formed by bronze finding it’s own boundaries because the space is too thin...
Category
2010s Abstract Continental Europe - Abstract Sculptures
Materials
Bronze
British Contemporary Sculpture by Philip Hearsey - The Sun Hardly Rises
By Philip Hearsey
Located in Paris, IDF
Bronze / brass strip / composite
Unique variation
Stamped with monogram signature and uniquely numbered 759A
Natural bronze remains on the sun but is treated with a translucent golde...
Category
2010s Abstract Continental Europe - Abstract Sculptures
Materials
Bronze, Brass
British Contemporary Sculpture by Philip Hearsey - Phases
By Philip Hearsey
Located in Paris, IDF
Bronze on a Cumbrian slate base
Unique variation
Stamped with monogram signature and uniquely numbered 713A
The lunar crescent in different positions on each face is finished with me...
Category
2010s Abstract Continental Europe - Abstract Sculptures
Materials
Bronze
British Contemporary Sculpture by Philip Hearsey - Marking Time III
By Philip Hearsey
Located in Paris, IDF
Bronze freely rotating on a Cumbrian slate base
Series of variations
Stamped with monogram signature and uniquely numbered 627A
The polished bronze spheres require care as they will ...
Category
2010s Abstract Continental Europe - Abstract Sculptures
Materials
Bronze
British Contemporary Sculpture by Philip Hearsey - Harland Tide
By Philip Hearsey
Located in Paris, IDF
Bronze freely rotating on a painted steel base.
Edition of 9 variations
Stamped with monogram signature and uniquely numbered 458, 2/9
The asymmetrical form of the bronze presents a ...
Category
2010s Abstract Continental Europe - Abstract Sculptures
Materials
Bronze
British Contemporary Sculpture by Philip Hearsey - Flow I
By Philip Hearsey
Located in Paris, IDF
Bronze on a slate composite base
Series of unique variations
Stamped with monogram signature and uniquely numbered 763A
The natural bronze on the face is finely rubbed and lacquered ...
Category
2010s Abstract Continental Europe - Abstract Sculptures
Materials
Bronze
British Contemporary Sculpture by Philip Hearsey - Easy Going IV
By Philip Hearsey
Located in Paris, IDF
Bronze on a cherrywood base
Stamped with monogram signature and uniquely numbered 634A
The natural bronze edge is treated with a translucent golden brown finish before lacquering for...
Category
2010s Abstract Continental Europe - Abstract Sculptures
Materials
Bronze
British Contemporary Sculpture by Philip Hearsey - Feast
Famine
By Philip Hearsey
Located in Paris, IDF
Bronze on a spalted beech base.
Variations in an edition of 7
Stamped with monogram signature and uniquely numbered 570, 1/7
There are different pattern...
Category
2010s Contemporary Continental Europe - Abstract Sculptures
Materials
Bronze
British Contemporary Sculpture by Philip Hearsey - Acanto IV
By Philip Hearsey
Located in Paris, IDF
Year 2016
73 x 26 high x 18 cm
Bronze freely rotating on a scorched yew base.
Series of individual variations
Stamped with monogram signature and uniquely numbered 619A
Parts of th...
Category
2010s Contemporary Continental Europe - Abstract Sculptures
Materials
Bronze
The Last Line
By Philip Hearsey
Located in Paris, IDF
Bronze
Edition of 9
Stamped with monogram signature and uniquely numbered 393, 5/9
The natural bronze edges are finely rubbed before lacquering for protection and to prevent natural ...
Category
2010s Contemporary Continental Europe - Abstract Sculptures
Materials
Bronze
British Contemporary Sculpture by Phiip Hearsey - Sharing
By Philip Hearsey
Located in Paris, IDF
Bronze on a Forest of Dean stone base.
Series of unique variations.
Stamped with monogram signature and uniquely numbered 656A on base of bronze.
The bronze pieces have brushed edges...
Category
2010s Contemporary Continental Europe - Abstract Sculptures
Materials
Bronze
British Contemporary Sculpture by Phiip Hearsey - Nightfall III
By Philip Hearsey
Located in Paris, IDF
Bronze on a MDF base with LED light
Unique
Stamped with monogram signature and uniquely numbered 388
The LED light has a driver operating between 100 and 240 volts. The power lead i...
Category
2010s Contemporary Continental Europe - Abstract Sculptures
Materials
Bronze
British Contemporary Sculpture by Phiip Hearsey - A Long Way III
By Philip Hearsey
Located in Paris, IDF
Bronze
Series of variations
Stamped with monogram signature and uniquely numbered 682A
The natural bronze elements of this sculpture are finely rubbed and lacquered clear
Weight: 5....
Category
2010s Contemporary Continental Europe - Abstract Sculptures
Materials
Bronze
(In) Visible Cycles II
Located in PARIS, FR
One of a kind scented art piece, unique.
This acrylic box is a dimensional work featuring three interchangeable, scented panels.
Vibrant colors, an original and unique creation, a ...
Category
2010s Contemporary Continental Europe - Abstract Sculptures
Materials
Silver
"The man without a rod №A" Bronze Sculpture 16 x 3 in. Ed. 5/5 by Sergii Shaulis
By Sergii Shaulis
Located in Culver City, CA
"The man without a rod №A" Bronze Sculpture 16 x 3 in. Ed. 5/5 by Sergii Shaulis
Weight: 8 lbs
"The man without a rod" series:
The artist spent almost ten years of his life in the...
Category
21st Century and Contemporary Contemporary Continental Europe - Abstract Sculptures
Materials
Bronze
Poise - 21st Century, Contemporary, Abstract Sculpture, Mahogany Root, Wood
By Joaquim Ingravidesa
Located in Barcelona, Catalonia
Mahogany root
The Ingravidesa Sculpture Alliance is formed by an international group of sculptors and designers who collaborate to create abstract sculpture inspired by nature. They...
Category
21st Century and Contemporary Contemporary Continental Europe - Abstract Sculptures
Materials
Wood, Mahogany
Aluminum Wall Sculpture
Wandobjekt 02/21
by Carola Eggeling, Aluminum Brushed
By Carola Eggeling
Located in Paris, FR
Aluminum Wall Sculpture 'Wandobjekt 02/21' by Carola Eggeling
Abstract sculpture with beautiful curved lines.
German aluminum sculpture
Aluminum brushed
Numbered and signed artwork
...
Category
21st Century and Contemporary Abstract Continental Europe - Abstract Sculptures
Materials
Steel
Aluminium Sculpture
Dialog
by Carola Eggeling, Aluminum Polished
By Carola Eggeling
Located in Paris, FR
Aluminium Sculpture 'Dialog' by Carola Eggeling
Abstract sculpture with beautiful curved lines.
German aluminum sculpture
Numbered and signed artwork
Limited edition of 9
Measures: ...
Category
21st Century and Contemporary Abstract Continental Europe - Abstract Sculptures
Materials
Steel
Rastersonne - Contemporary, 21st Century, Gold varnish, Limited Edition
By Otto Piene
Located in Zug, CH
Otto Piene, Rastersonne
Contemporary, 21st Century, Gold varnish, Limited Edition
Gold varnish on clay
Edition of 99, each piece is unique
47 x 47 x 2 cm (18.5 x 18.5 x 0.8 in)
Stamped and numbered, accompanied by Certificate of Authenticity
In mint condition, as acquired from the publisher
PLEASE NOTE: Edition numbers could vary from the one shown in the images.
The pictures are only for illustrative reasons.
Fire, earth, and metal: these elementary forces played a very important role in the oeuvre of Otto Piene. After many years of artistic productions in 2006, he discovered a new material for his artworks: ceramic.
"With my artworks I want to transmit energy” — Otto Piene
He created wonderful mural reliefs in ceramic. He dropped viscous varnish through different raster-barriers on a prepared clay platter. Not only the setting of the platinum drops creates the individual and unique look of each work but also their convex and interleaving forms. The slight convexity of the platinum varnish drops reflects the light and gives the artwork a discreet white shine. With the mélange of archaic and modern elements, Piene achieves an impressing artwork with this powerful material.
OTTO PIENE
Otto Piene is one of the most important German post-war artists.In 1957- Otto Piene and Heinz Mack founded the group ZERO.
Otto Piene is one of the most important German post-war artists. Born in 1929 Otto Piene was brought up in Lübeck (Germany) and, after his studies at the Academy of Fine Arts in Munich and Düsseldorf, he completed his academic education with studies on philosophy at the University of Cologne. In 1957- Otto Piene and Heinz Mack founded the group ZERO; which Günther Uecker joined in 1961. Their aim was to create a recommencement of contemporary art, starting at the point ZERO with new artworks emphasizing predominantly on light. Piene primarily aimed in his artworks to visualize light, fire, and air; so he started to create Op-Art inspired raster paintings, followed by smoke and fire...
Category
Early 2000s Contemporary Continental Europe - Abstract Sculptures
Materials
Clay, Varnish
Black Sculpture
Wandobjekt
by Carola Eggeling, Patinated Bronze
By Carola Eggeling
Located in Paris, FR
Black Sculpture 'Wandobjekt' by Carola Eggeling
Abstract sculpture with beautiful curved lines.
German bronze sculpture
Finish: Black Bronze Patinated
Certificate of authenticity
Nu...
Category
21st Century and Contemporary Abstract Continental Europe - Abstract Sculptures
Materials
Bronze
Bronze Black Sculpture
O.T. II
by Carola Eggeling, Patinated Bronze
By Carola Eggeling
Located in Paris, FR
Bronze Black Sculpture 'O.T. II' by Carola Eggeling
Abstract sculpture with beautiful curved lines.
German bronze black sculpture
Numbered and signed artwork
Limited edition of 9
Me...
Category
21st Century and Contemporary Abstract Continental Europe - Abstract Sculptures
Materials
Bronze
Expanded Horizon V
By Jose Margulis
Located in PARIS, FR
Jose Margulis is a contemporary Venezuelan artist whose work explores the boundaries between two and three dimensional space. Utilizing photography, digital printing, and acrylic she...
Category
2010s Continental Europe - Abstract Sculptures
Materials
Plexiglass, Acrylic
Girouette Automne
Located in PARIS, FR
Edition: 4/4
Casting date: 2006
Signature and edition engraved on the base
Philippe Hiquily is a singular artist, a sculptor, but also a creator of jewellery, furniture, engravings...
Category
21st Century and Contemporary Other Art Style Continental Europe - Abstract Sculptures
Materials
Iron
Glass Sculpture Drops sprinkling my discontinuous trip
By L.G.
Located in Paris, FR
Gorgeous One of a kind Blown and fused Glasswhite silver transparent and matte white and noir.
Includes its black metal base ( about 32 cm X 10 cm X 18 cm ).
Total weight about 2...
Category
2010s Abstract Continental Europe - Abstract Sculptures
Materials
Blown Glass
Glass Sculpture Rainning inside
By L.G.
Located in Paris, FR
Gorgeous One of a kind Blown and fused Glass Sculpture in molted opaque black , brown/black and sandblasted.
Includes its black metal base ( about 32 cm X 10 cm X 18 cm ).
Total we...
Category
2010s Abstract Continental Europe - Abstract Sculptures
Materials
Blown Glass
Glass Sculpture Constantly and successively
By L.G.
Located in Paris, FR
Gorgeous One of a kind Blown and fused Glass in opaque black, blueish black, transparent white and sandblasted.
Includes its black metal base ( about 32 cm X 10 cm X 18 cm ).
Tota...
Category
2010s Abstract Continental Europe - Abstract Sculptures
Materials
Blown Glass
Glass Sculpture Division
By L.G.
Located in Paris, FR
Gorgeous One of a kind Blown and fused Glass Sculpture in metal opaque black, black, grey and sandblasted.
Includes its black metal base ( about 32 cm X 10 cm X 18 cm ).
Total weig...
Category
2010s Abstract Continental Europe - Abstract Sculptures
Materials
Blown Glass
Glass Sculpture Fear catalogues
By L.G.
Located in Paris, FR
Gorgeous One of a kind Blown and fused Glass in mottled opaque black, black, grey, transparent white silver and sandblasted transparent.
Includes its black metal base (about32 cm X ...
Category
2010s Abstract Continental Europe - Abstract Sculptures
Materials
Blown Glass
Glass sculpture When the Queen leaves
By L.G.
Located in Paris, FR
Gorgeous,One of a kind Blown and fused Glass in opaque black with metal effects, black, grey and transparent sandblasted.
Includes its black metal base ( about 32 cm X 10 cm X 18 ...
Category
2010s Abstract Continental Europe - Abstract Sculptures
Materials
Blown Glass
Bronze Sculpture
Habacht!
by Carola Eggeling, Brushed Bronze
By Carola Eggeling
Located in Paris, FR
Bronze Sculpture 'Habacht!' by Carola Eggeling
Abstract sculpture with beautiful curved lines.
German bronze sculpture
Numbered and signed artwork
Limited edition of 9
Measures: 25...
Category
21st Century and Contemporary Abstract Continental Europe - Abstract Sculptures
Materials
Bronze
White Bronze Sculpture
KAYA
by Carola Eggeling
By Carola Eggeling
Located in Paris, FR
White Bronze Sculpture 'KAYA' by Carola Eggeling.
Abstract sculpture with beautiful curved lines.
German bronze sculpture
Bronze Lacquered
Color : Glossy White
Certificate of authe...
Category
21st Century and Contemporary Abstract Continental Europe - Abstract Sculptures
Materials
Bronze
Bronze Black Sculpture
Stele III
by Carola Eggeling, Bronze Patinated
By Carola Eggeling
Located in Paris, FR
Bronze Black Sculpture 'Stele III' by Carola Eggeling, Bronze Patinated
Abstract sculpture with beautiful curved lines.
German bronze sculpture
Bronze Black Patinated
Numbered and s...
Category
21st Century and Contemporary Abstract Continental Europe - Abstract Sculptures
Materials
Bronze
Aluminium Sculpture
Tatu
by Carola Eggeling, Aluminum Polished
By Carola Eggeling
Located in Paris, FR
Aluminum Sculpture 'Tatu' by Carola Eggeling
Abstract sculpture with beautiful curved lines.
German aluminum sculpture
Numbered and signed artwork
Limited edition of 6
Measures: H....
Category
21st Century and Contemporary Abstract Continental Europe - Abstract Sculptures
Materials
Steel
Historias De La Playa - 21st Century, Contemporary Art, Abstract Sculpture, Iron
By Lukas Ulmi
Located in Barcelona, Catalonia
Diptych.
Lukas Ulmi’s work unveils the hidden beauty of shapes taking stones, seemingly static forms, incomplete or meaningless objects and turning them into authentic sculptures wh...
Category
21st Century and Contemporary Contemporary Continental Europe - Abstract Sculptures
Materials
Iron
Abstract wooden thin sculpture (of a man?)
Located in Oostende, BE
Abstract wooden thin sculpture (of a man?)
Category
2010s Continental Europe - Abstract Sculptures
Materials
Wood
Sin Título - 21st Century, Contemporary Art, Abstract Sculpture, Iron
By Lukas Ulmi
Located in Barcelona, Catalonia
Lukas Ulmi’s work unveils the hidden beauty of shapes taking stones, seemingly static forms, incomplete or meaningless objects and turning them into authent...
Category
21st Century and Contemporary Contemporary Continental Europe - Abstract Sculptures
Materials
Iron
Girouette Printemps
Located in PARIS, FR
Edition: 4/4
Casting date: 2013
Signature and edition engraved on the base
Philippe Hiquily is a singular artist, a sculptor, but also a creator of jewellery, furniture, engravings...
Category
21st Century and Contemporary Other Art Style Continental Europe - Abstract Sculptures
Materials
Iron
La Cocotte
By Franco Adami
Located in PARIS, FR
Edition: 4 of 8
Created in 2002
21 x 17,5 x 11
Upon his arrival in Paris in 1957, Adami befriended the sculptors Collamarini and Renato Ischia at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts, and met ...
Category
21st Century and Contemporary Contemporary Continental Europe - Abstract Sculptures
Materials
Bronze
$14,772
Circee
Located in PARIS, FR
Edition: 3/4
Casting date: 2001
Signature engraved on the back
Pollès’s power of giving life to the bronze by infusing it with a carnal quality enables him to combine the breath of...
Category
21st Century and Contemporary Contemporary Continental Europe - Abstract Sculptures
Materials
Bronze
Tránsito I - 21st Century, Contemporary, Abstract Sculpture, Recycled Objects
By Lukas Ulmi
Located in Barcelona, Catalonia
Lukas Ulmi’s work unveils the hidden beauty of shapes taking stones, seemingly static forms, incomplete or meaningless objects and turning them into authentic sculptures where weight...
Category
21st Century and Contemporary Contemporary Continental Europe - Abstract Sculptures
Materials
Iron
Couleurs en diffusion
Located in PARIS, FR
Gregorio Vardanega is a painter and sculptor who is best known for the light, sound and movement of his kinetic works. He was born in Venice, Italy,...
Category
2010s Continental Europe - Abstract Sculptures
Materials
Metal
Silver Sculpture
Curva II
by Carola Eggeling
By Carola Eggeling
Located in Paris, FR
Silver Sculpture 'Curva II' by Carola Eggeling
Abstract sculpture with beautiful curved lines.
German silver sculpture
Silver - Alpaca
Certificate of authenticity
Numbered and sign...
Category
21st Century and Contemporary Abstract Continental Europe - Abstract Sculptures
Materials
Silver
White Wall Sculpture
Wandobjekt 04/21
by Carola Eggeling, Aluminum Laquered
By Carola Eggeling
Located in Paris, FR
White Wall Sculpture 'Wandobjekt 02/21' by Carola Eggeling
Abstract sculpture with beautiful curved lines.
German aluminum sculpture
Aluminum white matted laquer
Numbered and signed...
Category
21st Century and Contemporary Abstract Continental Europe - Abstract Sculptures
Materials
Steel
La Naissance du Pelican
By Franco Adami
Located in PARIS, FR
Edition : 1 of 4
Created in 1998
20,5 x 13 x 13 cm
Upon his arrival in Paris in 1957, Adami befriended the sculptors Collamarini and Renato Ischia at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts, and ...
Category
Late 20th Century Contemporary Continental Europe - Abstract Sculptures
Materials
Bronze
Silver Sculpture
Phönix I
by Carola Eggeling
By Carola Eggeling
Located in Paris, FR
Silver Sculpture 'Phönix I' by Carola Eggeling
Abstract sculpture with beautiful curved lines.
German silver sculpture (alloy of copper, nickel and zinc)
Numbered and signed artwork...
Category
21st Century and Contemporary Abstract Continental Europe - Abstract Sculptures
Materials
Silver
Sueño De Volar - 21st Century, Contemporary Abstract Sculpture, Recycled Objects
By Lukas Ulmi
Located in Barcelona, Catalonia
Lukas Ulmi’s work unveils the hidden beauty of shapes taking stones, seemingly static forms, incomplete or meaningless objects and turning them into authentic sculptures where weight...
Category
21st Century and Contemporary Contemporary Continental Europe - Abstract Sculptures
Materials
Stone, Iron
Arbre Jaune
Located in PARIS, FR
Claude Gilli is born in Nice in 1938. He enters the School of Decorative Arts in Nice in 1955. In 1957, he meets Albert Chubac and his first exhibition is organized with him and Mart...
Category
2010s Continental Europe - Abstract Sculptures
Materials
Metal
$60,049
Spinning Cube 48 colores #3
Located in PARIS, FR
Born in 1966 in Grieskirchen Austria, Alois Kronschlaeger is best known for his site-specific installations and sculptures, which demonstrate a pre...
Category
2010s Continental Europe - Abstract Sculptures
Materials
Acrylic
Oblivion (small) - 21st Cent, Contemporary, Abstract Sculpture, Stainless Steel
By Liechennay
Located in Barcelona, Catalonia
Stainless steel sculpture
Liechennay was exposed to the creative process from a very young age through his mother’s artistic pursuits as a designer of gold jewelry in Indonesia, his...
Category
21st Century and Contemporary Contemporary Continental Europe - Abstract Sculptures
Materials
Stainless Steel
