Skip to main content

North American Sculptures

to
1,254
5,158
1,853
617
127
188
4,842
2,470
276
1,703
2,099
20
15
69
128
102
208
480
685
374
254
1,909
1,128
274
249
101
98
95
42
40
39
24
4
3
2
1
1
3,374
1,812
1,237
1,208
965
6,465
252
26,830
8,086
7,630
6,096
Height
to
Width
to
7,628
6,652
6,903
366
133
80
72
68
Place of Origin: North American
Vintage Boho Patinated Bronze Bust of Woman
Located in West Palm Beach, FL
This exquisite small bronze sculpture features a beautifully stylized female bust, capturing the fluid lines and elegance reminiscent of the Art Deco and Art Nouveau periods. The hea...
Category

Mid-20th Century Art Deco North American Sculptures

Materials

Travertine, Marble, Bronze

1970s Ceramic Art Pottery Rainbow Animals Hippo Pig Horse
Located in Chula Vista, CA
1970s Colorful Rainbow Animal Collection Set of Three Horse 5.5H x 7D x 2.5W Hippo 2.75H 6D x 3W Pig 3.5T x 6L x 3W Ceramic-pottery with a Colorful glazed finish Wonderful lines ...
Category

1970s Mid-Century Modern Vintage North American Sculptures

Materials

Ceramic, Pottery

Natural Specimen Of Azurite Cluster With Malachite From Mexico
Located in Peshawar, PK
Specimen: Azurite with Malachite Weight: 65 grams Dimensions: H: 6.8 x W: 4.7 x D: 2.3 cm Origin: Milpillas Mine, Milpillas, Santa Cruz Municipality, Sonora, Mexico Treatment: None...
Category

21st Century and Contemporary Art Deco North American Sculptures

Materials

Crystal

Brutalist Bronze and Glass Sculpture
Located in North Hollywood, CA
Brutalist bronze and textured stained glass sculpture by SF Bay Area artist Ralph Halloway.
Category

1960s Brutalist Vintage North American Sculptures

Materials

Bronze

Mid Century Bronze "Gemini" Zodiac Sculpture by Fred Press
By Fred Press
Located in Bedford Hills, NY
Rare Mid Century "Gemini" Zodiac sculpture by Fred Press, bronze.
Category

1950s Mid-Century Modern Vintage North American Sculptures

Materials

Bronze

Ernest-Justin Ferrand Female "Coup de Soleil" Zamac Sculpture Table Lamp
Located in Van Nuys, CA
A bronze alloy Art Nouveau woman entitled "Coup de soleil" table lamp, Signed Ferrand (1846-1932). The sculpture features a thinly dressed nymph with a branching Art Nouveau-style fl...
Category

1910s Art Nouveau Vintage North American Sculptures

Materials

Metal

Neuralethopteris orPolymorphopteris Tree Fern Fossil, Paleozoic Era, 300+ m yrs
Located in Warrenton, OR
Neuralethopteris or Polymorphopteris Tree Fern Fossil, Paleozoic Era, 300+ million years old. Discovered in PA. Colors occur naturally over time through the mineralization process. T...
Category

15th Century and Earlier Prehistoric Antique North American Sculptures

Materials

Organic Material

One of a Kind Ceramic Fiber Vessel #838, Multitonal Glaze, Woven Brown Cotton
By Karen Gayle Tinney
Located in Proctorsville, VT
Hand formed stoneware base with splashes of black, brown, and taupe glaze which overlap to create shades of blue and gray. The top part is woven in brown cotton. 18”H x 12”W One of...
Category

2010s Organic Modern North American Sculptures

Materials

Ceramic, Cotton

Large Vintage Collection of 39 Lucite Encased Insect Study Specimens
Located in Rochester, NY
Large vintage collection of 39 lucite encased insect specimens. Range in size 4.25" x 1.75" x 1" to 1.75" x 1.25 x .75".
Category

Mid-20th Century North American Sculptures

Materials

Lucite

Austin Productions Modernist Style Family Pottery Sculpture, 1979
By Austin Productions
Located in Miami, FL
Modernist sculpture of Man, Woman and Child by Austin Productions, 1979.
Category

Late 20th Century Modern North American Sculptures

Materials

Pottery

Whimsical Metal Wire Large Lion Sculpture in the Style of C. Jere
By Curtis Jeré, Jonathan Adler
Located in San Diego, CA
Metal wire mid size and rare size sculpture of a lion on a black metal base. The body is black metal wire and the mane is tinted in gold. In the style of C. Jere, circa 1990s. Mid-C...
Category

1980s Mid-Century Modern Vintage North American Sculptures

Materials

Metal

Victor Salmones Bronze Sculpture Titled "La Cuerda Floja" Signed Number 6/10
By Victor Salmones
Located in Los Angeles, CA
Stunning bronze sculpture envisioned and executed in Puerto Vallarta, Mexico by the listed sculptor, Victor Salmones. This limited edition Bronze Sculpture is titled "La Cuerda Floj...
Category

1980s Modern Vintage North American Sculptures

Materials

Bronze

Richard Harvey Sculpta-Grille Model C-20 Freestanding Room Divider, 1959
By Richard Harvey
Located in Los Angeles, CA
This freestanding model C-20 Sculpta-Grille room divider by Richard Harvey for Harvey Design Workshop, Inc was conceptualized and designed in the 1950s a...
Category

1960s Mid-Century Modern Vintage North American Sculptures

Materials

Metal

Mid-Century Modern Brutalist C Jere Tree Sculpture Signed
By Curtis Jeré
Located in Haddonfield, NJ
A great Mid-Century Modern Curtis Jere brass, copper and metal life-size tree sculpture. Rare form Brutalist design. Large leaves and verdigris green metal base. Signed C Jere on leaf.
Category

Mid-20th Century Brutalist North American Sculptures

Materials

Metal, Brass, Copper

Vintage Tonala Mexico Pottery Cat, Hand Painted
By Tonala Pottery
Located in Clifton Springs, NY
Charming vintage Tonala pottery figurine depicts a reclining cat with folded front paws and raised head; the cat is looking forward with wide open, large eyes and a slightly surpris...
Category

20th Century Folk Art North American Sculptures

Materials

Ceramic, Pottery

1970s Modernist Freeform Wood Sculpture in Walnut
Located in Southampton, NJ
Organic modern freeform wood sculpture signed C. Hubert. This piece is constructed of a single piece of wood (species unknown). The sculpture is unique from all sides and can be floa...
Category

Mid-19th Century Mid-Century Modern Antique North American Sculptures

Materials

Wood

Op Art Acrylic Sphere on Stand Sculpture by Vasa Mihich
By Vasa Velizar Mihich
Located in San Diego, CA
Op Art acrylic sphere sculpture on lucite base by Vasa Mihich, circa 1990. The optical look is changed by rotating the piece and letting the light refra...
Category

Late 20th Century Post-Modern North American Sculptures

Materials

Acrylic, Lucite

Curtis Jere Artisan House Modern Indoor/Outdoor Floor Sculpture, 2004
By Curtis Jeré
Located in Miami, FL
Tall indoor or outdoor modern floor sculpture by Curtis Jere Artisan House.
Category

21st Century and Contemporary Modern North American Sculptures

Materials

Steel

Set of 3 Brass Giraffe Figurines, Mid Century Modern set #1
Located in Clifton Springs, NY
Set of 3 vintage sculptural brass figurines features 1 large giraffe bending down to 2 smaller giraffes, depicted with their heads held up. The highly detailed, textured figurines ca...
Category

Mid-20th Century Mid-Century Modern North American Sculptures

Materials

Brass

20th Century Full Body Cow Door Stop
Located in Los Angeles, CA
20th century Full Body Cow Door Stop in original hand painted. Wonderful look. Very heavy.
Category

20th Century Adirondack North American Sculptures

Materials

Iron

20th Century Full Body Cow Door Stop
20th Century Full Body Cow Door Stop
$1,036 Sale Price
20% Off
Tonala Folk Art Bird Mexican Hand Painted Colorful Pottery 1960s
By Tonala Pottery
Located in Moreno Valley, CA
Tonala Folk Art Pottery Plate Hand Painted Flying Bird, Mexico, circa 1960's. Vintage Mexican Tonala hand painted pottery bird Folk Art. Flora de la Cruz ...
Category

Mid-20th Century Folk Art North American Sculptures

Materials

Ceramic

Antique Bronze Garden Of Eden Charger by J.B. McCoy Son New York
Located in New York, NY
Antique cast bronze hanging plaque with Adam , Eve and the Angel in the Garden of Eden. Finely detailed lush foliage, palm trees, surround the garden. Stamped in lower left rim, J.B....
Category

19th Century Beaux Arts Antique North American Sculptures

Materials

Bronze

Bertoia Sonambient Sculpture Beryllium Rod
By Val Bertoia
Located in Wilmington, DE
Bertoia Sonambient sculpture. Offered is a beautifully unique sculpture by Bertoia studios (Val). Titled "4 Love Clover of Sound". The piece is made of Beryllium Copper...
Category

2010s Mid-Century Modern North American Sculptures

Materials

Brass, Copper

Conlinoceras Tarrantense Ammonite Fossil, 90+ Million Years Old
Located in Warrenton, OR
Conlinoceras Tarrantense Ammonite Fossil, 90-100 Million Years Old. The Conlinoceras Tarrantense Ammonite is considered rare and is highly sought after as a collector's item. Sin...
Category

15th Century and Earlier Prehistoric Antique North American Sculptures

Materials

Shell, Organic Material

Monumental James Bearden Mystical Galaxy Chimes Sculpture Steel Bronze Brutalist
By James Bearden
Located in Philadelphia, PA
Designed and studio-made by American craftsman James Bearden, this chime sculpture is among the largest made, and the largest on sale today. An early m...
Category

2010s Brutalist North American Sculptures

Materials

Bronze, Steel

Frank De la Roche Modern Abstract Bronze Sculpture
Located in Miami, FL
Abstract realism bronze sculpture by Canadian artist Frank De La Roche. Striking from any angle. Base is black granite.
Category

1960s Vintage North American Sculptures

Materials

Bronze

"Bronco Buster" Frederic Remington Bronze Tabletop Statue
By (after) Frederic Remington
Located in Yonkers, NY
Bronco Buster, a cast bronze sculpture after American artist Frederic Remington on marble base. Filled with a tremendous dramatic tension, this bronze sculpture depicts a scene from ...
Category

20th Century North American Sculptures

Materials

Bronze

American Empire Bronze Eagle
Located in Queens, NY
American Empire style (19th Cent) bronze figure of eagle perched on crossed arrow base (signed)
Category

19th Century Empire Antique North American Sculptures

Materials

Bronze

Beautiful Snow Owl Sculpture by Klara Sever for Austin Productions
By Austin Productions
Located in San Diego, CA
Whimsical Snow Owl ceramic plaster sculpture, by Artist Klara Sever for Austin Productions circa 1982, sitting on laminate glossy black base. great condition no chips or cracks stamp...
Category

20th Century Mid-Century Modern North American Sculptures

Materials

Ceramic

Robert Cumpston Industrial Iron Modern Art Pig Hog Sculpture Figurine Statue 12"
Located in Dayton, OH
Late 20th century Robert Cumpston sculpture / figurine, outlining the shape of a pig / hog, complete with curly tail and nose ring. Industrial style, crafted of reclaimed farm implem...
Category

Late 20th Century Industrial North American Sculptures

Materials

Iron

Christian Thirion Teapot Sculpture, Studio Art Glass
Located in Clifton Springs, NY
Whimsical blown art glass sculpture in shape of a teapot features Memphis style color palette of bright yellow, red, and blue with black and white accents. Graphic geometric forms o...
Category

Late 20th Century Post-Modern North American Sculptures

Materials

Art Glass, Sommerso

Conlinoceras Tarrantense Ammonite Fossil, 90 to 100 Million Years Old
Located in Warrenton, OR
Conlinoceras Tarrantense Ammonite Fossil, 90 to 100 Million Years Old. A rare and highly sought after ammonite for collectors. The ammonite itself is somewhere between 5 and 6 inch...
Category

15th Century and Earlier Prehistoric Antique North American Sculptures

Materials

Shell, Organic Material

Brutalist Brass Bonsai Ikebana Lily Flower Sculpture by Gerd Scharrelmann 1970s
Located in Melbourne, AU
Torch-cut brass sculpture of lillies, mounted on a burlwood base, by Gerd Scharrelmann. This elegant sculpture has a delightful kinetic effect. The flowers and stems shiver, producin...
Category

1970s Brutalist Vintage North American Sculptures

Materials

Brass

Table Top Sculpture by Anne Van Kleeck in Bronze
By Anne van Kleeck
Located in St.Petersburg, FL
A unique Anne Van Kleeck bronze, table top sculpture of abstracted figures, dancers perhaps. From the artist's estate. A note about the artist: Anne Van Kleeck was primarily known for her works in cast bronze and ceramics. She attended Ohio Wesleyan University (B.A.) and Ohio State University (M.A.) and spent several years as a professor of art in Ohio and Florida. In 1957, Anne traveled to Venice, Italy to study bronze and lost wax casting, beaten iron and mosaic techniques. During that stay she employed an Italian foundry expert and together they established a small foundry on the island of Murano where they cast bronzes for her one woman show in Venice. Van Kleecks work has won multiple awards and is owned worldwide by private collectors and museums, including the Metropolitan Museum and MOMA in New York. She was contemporaries of and exhibited with Ruth Asawa, Gary Knox Bennett...
Category

1960s Mid-Century Modern Vintage North American Sculptures

Materials

Bronze

70 s Erotic Bronze Nude Risque Exotica Art Female Sculpture Signed! French? 23"
By Bruno Zach
Located in San Diego, CA
We are offering a wonderful bronze sculpture of a nude woman. Wonderful exotic art of a woman nude pulling up a stocking. Signed on the bottom and possible made in France. Dates from...
Category

1970s Vintage North American Sculptures

Materials

Bronze

Fabulous Natures Beauty Marine Specimens Sea Shells Collection Vitrine
Located in Boca Raton, FL
Great selection of marine specimens - sea shells, urchins, sand dollars, sea stars in display case.
Category

1970s Organic Modern Vintage North American Sculptures

Materials

Shell

Papier-Mâché Dress Form on Original Wooden Stand, Mid-20th Century
Located in Oceanside, US
A sculptural papier-mâché dress form mounted on its original freestanding wooden slat stand, dating from the mid-20th century. The form is lightweight and crafted from layered brown paper, hand-shaped and finished with a varnished surface that highlights its textural quality. The minimalist torso silhouette paired with the vertical oak or pine slat stand creates a modernist aesthetic, making this dress form not only a collectible object of fashion history but also a distinctive decorative accent for interiors. Its sculptural quality allows it to function as both artifact and art object. Origin: USA or Europe Date: Circa 1940s–1960s Very good vintage condition. The papier-mâché surface shows natural irregularities, patina, and light wear consistent with age. Structurally sound with stand intact. A rare survivor from the era before fiberglass mannequins...
Category

Mid-20th Century Mid-Century Modern North American Sculptures

Materials

Wood, Paper

Dryosaurus Altus Dinosaur Femur Fossil // 150 Million Years Old
Located in New York, NY
This is the well preserved and fully intact fossilized femur of a Dryosaurus altus, found in Emery County, Utah within the famous fossil-rich Morrison Formation spanning much of the ...
Category

15th Century and Earlier Antique North American Sculptures

Materials

Other

Post-Modernist Sculpture signed Ernest Trova, Profile Canto #83 in Matt Gray
By Ernest Trova
Located in New York, NY
This exceptional Post-Modernist sculpture, titled Profile Canto #83, was created in 1987 by renowned American artist Ernest Trova. A celebrated figure in the contemporary art world, ...
Category

1980s Post-Modern Vintage North American Sculptures

Materials

Metal, Nickel

Vintage Abstract Modernist Sculpture By Mary Preminger Chrome and Black Marble
By Mary Gardner Preminger
Located in North Miami, FL
This fabulous vintage double U-shaped abstract sculpture by the noted artist Mary Preminger is so modernist. It is polished chrome on a black marble original base. It was executed in...
Category

1960s Mid-Century Modern Vintage North American Sculptures

Materials

Marble, Chrome

19th Century American Black Cast Iron Piggy Bank Money Box Animal Sculpture
Located in Miami, FL
19th century American black cast iron piggy bank, money box, animal sculpture. We left it intentionally in the distressed look to show its a...
Category

Late 19th Century Rustic Antique North American Sculptures

Materials

Iron

William Bowie Brutalist Bronze Sculpture 1960s
By William Bowie
Located in New York, NY
William Bowie was a prominent sculptor of the American Mid-Century Modern period. A contemporary of Harry Bertoia, Curtis Jere and Bruce Freidle, Bowie is considered a founding figur...
Category

1960s Brutalist Vintage North American Sculptures

Materials

Stone, Bronze

1980s Postmodern David Fisher for Austin Productions Faces of Love Sculpture
By Austin Prod
Located in Miami, FL
Postmodern David Fisher for Austin Productions Faces of Love Sculpture. Stamped in the back by the manufacturer and Dated 1980. “Face of Love” ceramic s...
Category

1980s Post-Modern Vintage North American Sculptures

Materials

Plaster

A Rare and Important American Marble Sculpture of Thomas Jefferson, Circa 1870
Located in Queens, NY
A Rare and Important American White Marble Sculpture of Thomas Jefferson Holding The Declaration of Independence. Circa 1870, in the Manner of Horatio Stone (1808 –1875). Inscribed on scroll: 'The Declaration of Independence, It becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another. etc. etc. T. Jefferson. The present work is unsigned but is reminiscent of Horatio Stone's life-size marble figure of John Hancock...
Category

19th Century American Classical Antique North American Sculptures

Materials

Marble

1970s Chuck Dodson Erotic Figurative Sculpture of a Ménage à Trois
By Chuck Dodson
Located in Miami, FL
1970s Chuck Dodson Erotic Figurative Sculpture of a Ménage à Trois Offered for sale is a Chuck Dodson erotic figurative composition sculpture of a "...
Category

Late 20th Century Mid-Century Modern North American Sculptures

Materials

Composition

20thc Patinaed Bronze Mermaid Statue
Located in Los Angeles, CA
20thc patinaed bronze mermaid statue. Amazing conditioning with wear to the base. the resting mermaid has an amazing greenish patina that has great age to it. In very good shape.
Category

19th Century Adirondack Antique North American Sculptures

Materials

Bronze

20thc Patinaed Bronze Mermaid Statue
20thc Patinaed Bronze Mermaid Statue
$1,320 Sale Price
20% Off
Limited Edition "The Ends" Bookends by Dr. Seuss Collection for Hallmark
By Hallmark, Dr. Seuss (Theodore Geisel)
Located in San Diego, CA
Limited edition "The Ends" bookends by Dr. Seuss Collection for Hallmark, circa 2000. The set is in very good vintage condition and measures: 10.5”W x 2.25”D x 7”H. Super attract...
Category

21st Century and Contemporary North American Sculptures

Materials

Resin

"Seated Male Nude, " Remarkable Bronze Sculpture by Choate, Figural Artist
Located in Philadelphia, PA
Although America's sculptors interested in African American life and Black subjects, including Elizabeth Catlett, Richmond Barthé, Sargent Johnson and ...
Category

1950s Mid-Century Modern Vintage North American Sculptures

Materials

Bronze

Vintage "The Hands Of God" Sculpture by Auguste Rodin / Alva Studios
By Alva Studios, Auguste Rodin
Located in San Diego, CA
Vintage "The Hands Of God" sculpture by Auguste Rodin / Alva Studios, circa 1990s. This is a great reproduction of Auguste Rodin's 1906-era sculpture, made by Alva Studios. The pie...
Category

Late 20th Century North American Sculptures

Materials

Wood, Resin

Copper and Stone Tree Sculpture
Located in Palm Beach, FL
Lofty mid century tree sculpture crafted in copper twisted into form and mounted on an organic stone base.
Category

20th Century Mid-Century Modern North American Sculptures

Materials

Copper

Large Sawfish Bill Rostrum Trophy Mounted on Chrome, Lucite, 1970s
Located in Miami, FL
Large Sawfish Bill Rostrum Trophy Mounted on Chrome, Lucite, 1970s Offered for sale is a vey large Sawfish rostrum that has been mounted on a chrome plinth and a Lucite base. This ...
Category

1970s Vintage North American Sculptures

Materials

Chrome

Mexican Terracotta Articulated Doll Figure, 1920 s
Located in Stamford, CT
Amusing Mexican terracotta doll figure with articulated limbs. Since it is solid terracotta it is likely this is a mold from which other dolls were made. As a folk art sculpture it i...
Category

Early 20th Century Folk Art North American Sculptures

Materials

Terracotta

Vintage Articulated Abalone Shell Fish Sculpture/ Bottle Opener by Los Castillo
By Los Castillos
Located in San Diego, CA
Vintage articulated abalone shell fish sculpture / bottle opener by Los Castillo Taco, Mexico, circa 1960s. The piece is well detailed and patinated. The...
Category

Mid-20th Century Mid-Century Modern North American Sculptures

Materials

Abalone

Small Decorative Brutalist Sculpture on Brass Stand
Located in Los Angeles, CA
Striking mid-century brutalist sculpture on brass stand featuring bold, abstract geometry and raw, textured metalwork. This piece has a great patina and every side is its good side. ...
Category

1970s Brutalist Vintage North American Sculptures

Materials

Brass, Cut Steel

Harry Bertoria 1960 square sculpture in gilt bronze and black base
By Harry Bertoia
Located in Palermo, Sicily
Bronze sculpture Harry Bertoia 1960.
Category

1960s Brutalist Vintage North American Sculptures

Materials

Bronze

Cast Metal Sculpture of a Greyhound Dog
Located in Moreno Valley, CA
Beautiful cast metal bronze greyhound dog sculpture. An elegant, detailed cast sculpture depicting a greyhound dog.. Sculptures depicting a greyhound dog. Made with the fusion sys...
Category

1990s Art Deco North American Sculptures

Materials

Metal

Leo Sewell "Found Objects" Cat 1998
By Leo Sewell
Located in New York, NY
Leo Sewell (b. 1945) is an American "found object" artist. His creations of recycled material are in numerous museums and in private collections worldwide. Sewell was born in Annapo...
Category

Late 20th Century Other North American Sculptures

Materials

Composition

Outlaw Cast Bronze Sculpture on Marble Base, after Frederic Remington
By (after) Frederic Remington
Located in Yonkers, NY
Outlaw, a cast bronze sculpture after American artist Frederic Remington's 1906 original, on marble base. Filled with a tremendous dramatic tension, this bronze sculpture depicts a s...
Category

20th Century North American Sculptures

Materials

Bronze

Bronze Lincoln Bookend or Doorstop, in the Style of Victor David Brenner
By Victor David Brenner
Located in West Palm Beach, FL
Finely Cast Bronze Abraham Lincoln Profile Bust Bookend or Doorstop, in the Style of Victor David Brenner, ca. 1930s Bronze Lincoln Bookend or Doorst...
Category

20th Century American Classical North American Sculptures

Materials

Bronze, Steel

19th Century Studded Leather Dog Collar
Located in Riverdale, NY
19th Century Studded Leather Dog Collar, of UK or USA origin. Heavy leather with studs and spikes bolted throughout. Name plate is marked "Battling Mike, H.A.S.". Late 19th Century. ...
Category

1880s Late Victorian Antique North American Sculptures

Materials

Brass

Read More

He Wrote ‘Oedipus Rex,’ but Do You Know What He Looked Like?

The Greek tragedian is said to have been handsome in his day.

These Soft Sculptures Are Childhood Imaginary Friends Come to Life

Miami artist and designer Gabriela Noelle’s fantastical creations appeal to the Peter Pan in all of us.

Salvatori Commissioned Several Famous Architects to Create Miniature Homes in Stone

Gabriele Salvatori explains how the COVID lockdowns inspired his design company's latest collection, the Village.

Christopher Norman Is Turning the Cast-Off Urban Trees of Los Angeles into Art

With a World War II–era milling machine, the California artist crafts poetic, sculptural furniture pieces.

These Human-Size Ceramic Hares Evoke Serious Emotions

Swedish artist Margit Brundin's large anthropomorphic animal sculptures are on view for the first time in the United States at Dienst + Dotter Antikviteter, in New York.

Tour the Wabi-Sabi New York Apartment of Andrianna Shamaris

As her sun-filled home reveals, the furniture maker and dealer puts a contemporary spin on antiques from around the globe.

Vicente Wolf’s Tips for Finding — and Living with — Eastern Treasures

The A-list designer shares his expertise on choosing authentic objects and displaying them with style.

Rodrigo Rivero Lake’s Mexico City Showroom Is a Museum-Worthy Trove of Spanish Colonial and Asian Antiques

The dealer and curator has spent the past 50 years amassing a collection of exceptional art, furniture and architectural elements that trace the cultural influence of the Spanish empire from Europe to the Americas and beyond.