European Western European Rugs
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928
Width
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Length
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3,497
1,520
61
462
368
346
160
127
35
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24
13
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3
268
663
2,566
1,581
708
1,301
477
78
60
164
93
74
132
222
158
70
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4,920
4,483
881
485
111
2,691
2,321
5,078
4,107
4,299
5,078
2,559
1,928
1,747
1,151
136
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39
Place of Origin: European
Pablo Picasso wool Rug by Ege Axminster carpets, Denmark
By Ege Axminster A/S, (after) Pablo Picasso
Located in Zevenaar, NL
Woolen Pablo Picasso Rug “Run of the Bulls” by Ege Axminster carpets in Denmark. late-Twentieth Century.
Size: 2.49 m x 3.40 m (8′2″ × 11′2″)
The rug renders Picasso’s energetic cub...
Category
1990s Modern European Western European Rugs
Materials
Wool
Handmade Vintage Caucasian Darband Rug 3.3
x 4.8
, 1940s - 1N106
Located in Bordeaux, FR
An authentic piece of textile heritage, this Vintage Caucasian Darband Rug was hand-knotted in the Caucasus region around the 1940s. Darband rugs, known for their unique tribal patte...
Category
1940s Vintage European Western European Rugs
Materials
Wool
Frencheantique Carpet From The Savonnerie Manufactory Circa 1940 - No. 1588
By Savonnerie
Located in Paris, FR
Carpet From The Savonnerie Manufactory, 20th Century, Circa 1940 - 353x217 Cm - No. 1588
Artist: Manufacture De La Savonnerie
Period: 20th century
Condition: Perfect condition
Materi...
Category
1940s French Provincial Vintage European Western European Rugs
Materials
Wool
Early 20th Century Donegal Arts
Crafts Carpet Designed by C.F.A. Voysey
Located in New York, NY
Donegal Carpet
Ireland
12’0” x 16”9” - 366 x 511
Early 20th century; c. 1910
Wool pile of symmetric knots on a wool foundation
Designed by Gavin Morton
The Donegal factory in Killybe...
Category
Early 1900s Arts and Crafts Antique European Western European Rugs
Materials
Wool
Antique 19th Century French Needlepoint Tapestry Doris Leslie Blau
Located in New York, NY
Antique 19th Century French Needlepoint Tapestry Depicting a Bucolic Scene
Size: 6'2" × 7'3" (187 × 220 cm)
This charming 19th-century French needlepoint tapestry, dating back to cir...
Category
Late 19th Century Antique European Western European Rugs
Materials
Wool
Late 17th Century French Aubusson Tapestry
Located in New York, NY
A French Aubusson Biblical tapestry from the late 17th century, depicting King Solomon and the Queen of Sheba seated on a throne at center, flanked on either side by attendants, to t...
Category
Late 17th Century Aubusson Antique European Western European Rugs
Materials
Wool
Early 19th Century Large Tapestry
Located in New York, NY
An early 19th Century very fine quality Large French Tapestry .
Measures: 7' wide x 10'11'' long.
Tapestries make integral part of the Flemish cultural heritage. Most of the tapestries have religious, mythological and historical subjects as well as hunting and harvest scenes. They are known for their high quality and extended use of colors. The oldest ones were made in the 13th century. The most important production centers were Doornik and Arras. These two centers got a lot of assignments of the Dukes of Burgundy. In the 14th century tapestries...
Category
Early 19th Century French Provincial Antique European Western European Rugs
Materials
Wool
Antique 17th Century Flemish Mythological Tapestry, with the Courtship of Apollo
Located in New York, NY
An antique 17th century Flemish mythological tapestry, size 9'1 H x 12'8 W, envisioning The Courtship of Apollo, with the Greek deity Apollo at left with his lyre and laurel garland,...
Category
17th Century Antique European Western European Rugs
Materials
Wool, Silk
$39,995 Sale Price
38% Off
1920 Antique French Aubusson Tapestry Rug Floral Vase Runner 3x10 1880 97x287cm
Located in New York, NY
1920 Antique French Aubusson Tapestry Rug Floral Vase Runner 3x10 c.1880
3'2" x 9'5" 97cm x 287cm
A magnificent antique French tapestry depict...
Category
1920s Baroque Vintage European Western European Rugs
Materials
Wool
Handmade Antique Persian Gashkai Collectible Bagface 1.6
x 1.6
, 1920s - 1N101
Located in Bordeaux, FR
A rare and highly collectible piece of tribal history, this Antique Persian Qashqai (Gashkai) Bagface originates from the nomadic Qashqai weavers of the Middle East. Dating to the 19...
Category
1920s Vintage European Western European Rugs
Materials
Wool
Dominus Daino Rug
By Sitap Carpet Couture
Located in Milan, IT
Made of 100% fine Tencel, the Dominus Daino rug goes beyond the classic rectangular carpet; it is a square rug, with a minimalist, elegant style. This handloom carpet...
Category
2010s Modern European Western European Rugs
Materials
Textile
$2,320
Handmade Vintage Caucasian Kazak Rug 3.7
x 5.9
, 1940s - 2B108
Located in Bordeaux, FR
Capture the bold, enduring spirit of the Caucasus with this striking Vintage Kazak Rug, hand-knotted from luxurious wool in the 1940s. This piece embodies the classic Kazak aesthetic...
Category
1940s Vintage European Western European Rugs
Materials
Wool
Fine Antique 18th Century French Verdure Tapestry 8’6” x 11’2”
Located in New York, NY
Fine Antique 18th Century French Verdure Tapestry 8’6” x 11’2”.
Category
18th Century Antique European Western European Rugs
Materials
Wool
$14,400 Sale Price
20% Off
Swedish Mid-century rug "Kärrmark" by Judith Johansson
By Judith Johansson
Located in New York, NY
Swedish Mid-Century Rug called Kärrmark by Judith Johansson. Designed in 1955 and featuring a blue background with a kaleidoscope design in green, pink and purple shades. Judith Joha...
Category
1950s Mid-Century Modern Vintage European Western European Rugs
Materials
Wool
Pretty antique tapestry cardboard hand painted panel
Located in Saint Ouen, FR
Pretty 19th century French tapestry cardboard with a nice design of swing game featuring a young man standing pushing a young girl sitting on the swing. At a setting in the woods, be...
Category
Late 19th Century Romantic Antique European Western European Rugs
Materials
Cotton, Linen
Antique French Aubusson Carpet with Romantic Motifs and Delicate Color Palette
Located in Atlanta, GA
Antique French Aubusson Carpet with Romantic Motifs and Delicate Color Palette. Antique Large French Aubusson Carpet with Romantic Motifs and Delicate Color Palette.
This elegant ant...
Category
1880s Aubusson Antique European Western European Rugs
Materials
Wool
Aubusson Rug Traditional French Carpet Handwoven Floral Wool Needlepoint
Located in Wembley, GB
This fantastic area rug has been handwoven with a beautiful symmetrical floral design woven on an ivory beige and blue rug background with accents of cream, green and ivory. This ele...
Category
1990s Aubusson European Western European Rugs
Materials
Wool, Cotton, Organic Material
$2,620 Sale Price
20% Off
Vintage Swedish Rya Rug, Green and Brown Scandinavian Patterns - Rug
Kilim
Located in Long Island City, NY
Hand-knotted in lush, high-pile wool in Sweden circa 1960-1970, this 3x5 vintage Swedish Rya rug is a bold new addition to Rug
Kilim’s curation of iconic, collectible mid-cent...
Category
1960s Vintage European Western European Rugs
Materials
Wool
Handmade Antique Caucasian Kazak Rug 3.5
x 6.5
, 1880s - 2B75
Located in Bordeaux, FR
A magnificent example of a late 19th-century Caucasian Kazak rug, hand-knotted with exceptional artistry in the 1880s. This antique masterpiece showcases the bold, geometric motifs t...
Category
1880s Antique European Western European Rugs
Materials
Wool
Handmade Antique Moroccan Berber Rug 3.11
x 5
, 1920s - 2B105
Located in Bordeaux, FR
Command attention in your space with this incredibly vibrant Handmade Antique Moroccan Berber Rug. A true piece of North African textile history, this rug was hand-knotted around the...
Category
1920s Vintage European Western European Rugs
Materials
Wool
Handmade Antique Native American Navajo Rug 3.7
x 7.5
1910s - 2B69
Located in Bordeaux, FR
A truly unique and compelling piece of American folk art, this handmade Navajo rug is a collectible treasure. Woven from rich, hand-spun wool, it showcases a striking pictorial desig...
Category
1910s Vintage European Western European Rugs
Materials
Wool
Pretty antique Hungarian embroidery tissue
Located in Saint Ouen, FR
Beautiful antique hungarian embroidered tissue fragment , with beautiful designs of flowers and with nice natural colours, entirely hand embroide...
Category
Early 19th Century Aubusson Antique European Western European Rugs
Materials
Silk
Handmade Antique Persian Malayer Rug 3.9
x 4.11
, 1920s - 2B96
Located in Bordeaux, FR
Artistry from the Heart of Persia
Step into a piece of textile history with this captivating antique Persian Malayer rug, hand-knotted from fine wool circa the 1920s. Originating fro...
Category
1920s Vintage European Western European Rugs
Materials
Wool
German 1960s Designed Wool Blue and Green Pop Art Carpet by Vorwerk
Located in Antwerp, BE
Abstract City landscape Carpet in multi colors blue, grey, black, green, red and yellow.Large Impressive Vorwerk Manufacturer,Germany. In original very good condition. This is such a...
Category
1960s Mid-Century Modern Vintage European Western European Rugs
Materials
Wool
Arts
Crafts Style 19th Century Handmade Spanish Cuenca Throw Rug
Located in New York, NY
An antique Spanish Cuenca throw rug, in the Arts
Crafts style, handmade during the 19th century.
Measures: 3' 3" x 6' 7".
Category
19th Century Arts and Crafts Antique European Western European Rugs
Materials
Wool
Ame Beige Goz Rug by Gandia Blasco
Located in Geneve, CH
Ame Beige Goz Rug by Gandia Blasco
Design by Kengo Kuma
Dimensions: W 176 x H 240 cm.
Materials: Wool, teak wood.
Weight: 11,18 kg
Passion for life outdoors, a dream come true on ...
Category
2010s Post-Modern European Western European Rugs
Materials
Wool, Teak
$3,585 / item
Vintage European Arts
Crafts Rug Donegal Design Blue 300cmx359cm 10x12 C.1950
Located in New York, NY
Vintage European Arts & Crafts Rug Donegal Design Blue 300cm x 359cm 10x12 C.1950
9'8" x 11'9"
300cm x 359cm
This is an exquisite vintage Arts & Crafts design. This superb piece...
Category
1950s Arts and Crafts Vintage European Western European Rugs
Materials
Wool
Handmade Antique Moroccan Berber Rug 3.4
x 4.1
, 1930s - 2B84
Located in Bordeaux, FR
Antique Moroccan Berber Rug, Abstract Tree Motif in Yellow & Blue, 1930s
Description
A highly decorative and expressive antique Moroccan Berber accent rug, hand-knotted around the 1...
Category
1930s Vintage European Western European Rugs
Materials
Wool
Bobyrug’s Pretty Vintage Mécanique Jaquar Tapestry
Located in Saint Ouen, FR
Very beautiful mid-century French Aubusson style tapestry with nice design and beautiful colors, mechanical Jaquar manufacturing with wool and cotton.
✨✨✨
"Experience the epitome of...
Category
Mid-20th Century Aubusson European Western European Rugs
Materials
Wool, Cotton
Nice modern French Aubusson style Jacquard Tapestry by « Jacqelot »
Located in Saint Ouen, FR
Discover theBeautiful 1960s tapestry by Antoine DE JACQUELOT ( 1938-2016)
"Les Perdrix"
A graduate of the École des Beaux-Arts de Bourges and the École des Métiers d'Art in Paris, An...
Category
Mid-20th Century Modern European Western European Rugs
Materials
Wool, Cotton
1950
s Italian Tapestry Swan in the Lake, Renaissance Style Wall Hanging
Located in Dallas, TX
74749 Vintage Italian Tapestry Swan in the Lake, 03'05 x 05'11. This exquisite vintage Italian jacquard-woven tapestry, titled "Verdure with Pine Tree and Swans," gracefully captures...
Category
Mid-20th Century Renaissance European Western European Rugs
Materials
Wool
Luxury Natural Shape Hand-Dyed European Sheepskin Large Art Rug by Carine Boxy
Located in Geneve, CH
Luxury Natural Shape Hand-Dyed European Sheepskin Large Art Rug by Carine Boxy
Dimensions: 390 x 300 cm
Materials: Naturally dyed sheepskin
Size and color can be customized upon requ...
Category
2010s Modern European Western European Rugs
Materials
Sheepskin
Doris Leslie Blau Vintage French Art Deco Rug
Located in New York, NY
Vintage French Art Deco Rug
Size: 11'6" × 14'6" (350 × 441 cm)
Step into the golden era of French decorative arts with this captivating vintage Art Deco rug from the 1930s. A true te...
Category
Mid-20th Century Art Deco European Western European Rugs
Materials
Wool
Vintage French Aubusson Rug with Regal Romantic Rococo Style
Located in Dallas, TX
77610, vintage French Aubusson rug with Regal Romantic Rococo style. Flourishing in technique and trend from the middle of the 17th century...
Category
Late 20th Century Aubusson European Western European Rugs
Materials
Wool
$11,199 Sale Price
20% Off
Around Colors Rug Pink by PAOLA PASTORINI
By Gebrüder Thonet Vienna GmbH
Located in Milan, IT
Paola Pastorini signs the new AROUND COLORS RUGS COLLECTION for Gebrüder Thonet Vienna GmbH with four different carpets inspired by a careful study of elementary geometric shapes and...
Category
2010s European Western European Rugs
Materials
Textile
$9,360 / item
Vintage Old Bessarabian Kilim Rug, Moldovan Moldavian Romanian Bulgarian Carpet
Located in Tokyo, JP
This is a Vintage Old Bessarabian Kilim Rug from Moldova with a rare and beautiful color composition.
Today it is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordering Romania and Ukrai...
Category
Late 20th Century Kilim European Western European Rugs
Materials
Wool, Natural Fiber
$577 Sale Price
25% Off
Handmade Vintage Caucasian Kazak Runner Rug 2.4
x 9.9
, 1950s - 2B102
Located in Bordeaux, FR
Introduce a bold splash of color and tribal artistry with this exquisite Handmade Vintage Caucasian Kazak Runner. Dating from the 1950s, this runner is a testament to the enduring ap...
Category
1950s Vintage European Western European Rugs
Materials
Wool
Late 16th Century Brussels Historical Tapestry with the Roman General Scipio
Located in New York, NY
A Brussels historical tapestry, attributed to Martin Reymbouts, late 16th century. From the story of Scipio series, the renowned Roman general, a royal c...
Category
16th Century Antique European Western European Rugs
Materials
Wool
$199,995 Sale Price
33% Off
18cen Extraordinaire Antique French Tapestry Louis XVI Beauvais 89x88cm Silk 3x3
Located in New York, NY
18th. Century Extraordinaire Antique French Tapestry Louis XVI Beauvais Silk
3' x 3' 89cm x 88cm
"This is an extremely fine Authentic Antique French B...
Category
1790s Louis XVI Antique European Western European Rugs
Materials
Silk
$19,000 Sale Price
33% Off
Dahlia Rug by Volver Studios
Located in Geneve, CH
Dahlia Rug by Volver Studios
Dimensions: W 250 x L 350 cm.
Materials: Wool and bamboo.
Available in seven size options: 90 x 240 cm, 140 x 200 cm, 170 x 240 cm, 200 x 300 cm, 250 x ...
Category
2010s Post-Modern European Western European Rugs
Materials
Wool, Bamboo
$6,260 / item
Handmade Vintage Turkish Konya Kilim Rug 3.1
x 3.11, 1960s - 1K06
Located in Bordeaux, FR
Vintage Handmade Turkish Konya Kilim Rug
This is a handmade vintage Turkish Konya Kilim rug from the 1960s, crafted from wool. As a traditional flatweave textile, it is a testament t...
Category
1960s Vintage European Western European Rugs
Materials
Wool
Late 17th Century French Aubusson Allegorical Tapestry
Located in New York, NY
A French Aubusson “Louis XIV” allegorical tapestry from the late 17th or early 18th century, depicting an allegory of Spring, with Flora crowned b...
Category
Late 17th Century Aubusson Antique European Western European Rugs
Materials
Wool
$74,995 Sale Price
50% Off
Doris Leslie Blau Striking 1920s Irish Donegal Rug with Stylized Flora Motif
Located in New York, NY
Striking 1920s Irish Donegal Rug with Stylized Flora Motif
Size: 8'8" × 11'1" (264 × 337 cm)
A rare and evocative textile from early 20th-century Ireland, this 1920s Donegal rug exem...
Category
Early 20th Century Arts and Crafts European Western European Rugs
Materials
Wool
1968 Swedish Rug by Stockholm Läns Hemslöjdsförening
Located in New York, NY
Stunning Vintage Swedish rug made in 1968 by Stockholm Läns Hemslöjdsförening. Made in vibrant purple, blue, orange and brown shades with new fringes. Made with tapestry technique th...
Category
1960s Mid-Century Modern Vintage European Western European Rugs
Materials
Wool
Doris Leslie Blau Vintage French Art Deco Rug
Located in New York, NY
Vintage French Art Deco Rug
Size: 9'10" × 12'7" (299 × 383 cm)
A striking example of early Modernist textile design, this vintage French Art Deco rug from the 1930s showcases a maste...
Category
Mid-20th Century Art Deco European Western European Rugs
Materials
Wool
Doris Leslie Blau Vintage French Art Deco Rug
Located in New York, NY
Vintage French Art Deco Rug
Size: 3'1" × 9'3" (93 × 281 cm).
This exquisite vintage French Art Deco rug from the 1940s embodies the elegance and spirited design language of the perio...
Category
Mid-20th Century Art Deco European Western European Rugs
Materials
Wool
17th Century Brussels Verdure Landscape Tapestry in Chinoiserie Style
Located in New York, NY
A Brussels verdure landscape tapestry from the 17th century, featuring a verdant landscape with stately and exotic trees at right, a striking acanthus bush in the foreground, and a l...
Category
17th Century Antique European Western European Rugs
Materials
Wool
$19,995 Sale Price
33% Off
Zabihi Collection Antique Spanish Savonnerie Oversize Green Pink Rug
Located in New York, NY
an early 20th-century Spanish Savonnerrie Rug
Details
rug no. 10785
size 11' 7" x 15' 1" (353 x 460 cm
Category
Early 20th Century Spanish Colonial European Western European Rugs
Materials
Wool
Rare Octagonal Antique French Art Deco Rug with Regal Medallions - Rug
Kilim
Located in Long Island City, NY
A monumental treasure of the early 20th-century French Art Deco movement, this 14x15 antique French Art Deco rug and octagonal carpet is a rare and majestic curation like no other in...
Category
1920s Art Deco Vintage European Western European Rugs
Materials
Wool
Pretty Vintage Aubusson Style Jacquard Tapestry
Located in Saint Ouen, FR
Very pretty mid century French tapestry with nice galant design and beautiful colors, woven on the Jacquard looms woven with wool and cotton.
✨✨✨
"Experience the epitome of luxury a...
Category
Mid-20th Century Aubusson European Western European Rugs
Materials
Wool, Cotton
Vintage French Art Deco Rug Doris Leslie Blau
Located in New York, NY
Vintage French Art Deco Rug
Size: 8'7" × 10'6" (261 × 320 cm)
This vintage French Art Deco rug is a study in soft geometry and painterly restraint. Its broad field is washed in a pa...
Category
Mid-20th Century Art Deco European Western European Rugs
Materials
Wool
Eclypse Wool
Viscose Rug by Sitap Carpet Couture Italia
By Sitap Carpet Couture
Located in Milan, IT
Eclypse carpet best expresses SpaceTime topic, proposed at Salone del Mobile 2022. Infinity moves its shape obtained thanks to Hancarving and Weaving techniques on two levels preciou...
Category
2010s European Western European Rugs
Materials
Textile
Doris Leslie Blau Arts
Crafts Rug by Gavin Morton
By Gavin Morton
Located in New York, NY
Arts & Crafts Rug by Gavin Morton
Size: 15'1" × 20'10" (459 × 635 cm)
This elegant European rug, designed by renowned British textile artist Gavin Morton during the height of the Art...
Category
Early 20th Century Arts and Crafts European Western European Rugs
Materials
Wool
Vintage European Art Deco Geometric 14x15 427cm x 445cm Square Beige Rug
Located in New York, NY
Vintage European Art Deco Geometric 14x14 427cm x 445cm Square Beige Rug
"This is an exquisite, rare size vintage Art Deco rug. This unique square pi...
Category
1950s Art Nouveau Vintage European Western European Rugs
Materials
Cotton, Wool
Zabihi Collection Green Large Irish Donegal Rug
Located in New York, NY
an early 20th Century Irish Donegal large square-size rug in a leprechaun green and pumpkin
rug no. j3121
size 13' 2" x 14' 9" (401 x 450 cm)
Irish Rugs have a long and proud tradition. Their most famous rugs come from a town called Donegal in Ireland. The Donegal Carpets are a trademark brand of handmade wool carpets that can be found in esteemed establishments all over the world; including the US White House, Dublin Castle...
Category
Early 20th Century Oushak European Western European Rugs
Materials
Wool
Handmade Vintage Persian Hamadan Rug 4.5
x 6.9
, 1960s - 1C1180
Located in Bordeaux, FR
Mid-Century Hand-Knotted Hamadan Rug, Wool, 4.5' x 6.9'
Exceptional Vintage Hamadan Rug (Middle East), Circa 1960s
Bring a piece of rich textile history into your home with this stun...
Category
1960s Vintage European Western European Rugs
Materials
Wool
Choir Carpet from the Aubusson Manufacture – 19th Century – No. 1578
By Aubusson Manufacture
Located in Paris, FR
Period: 19th century
Condition: Excellent
Material: Wool & Silk
Dimensions: 470 x 113 cm
This magnificent carpet, having undergone a deep cleaning and a meticulous inspection by our...
Category
19th Century Aubusson Antique European Western European Rugs
Materials
Wool, Silk
Pretty Vintage hand woven Scandinavian 70’s Rug
Located in Saint Ouen, FR
Very beautiful mid century Scandinavian modern rug with a nice design and beautiful colours, entirely hand woven by wool on cotton foundation.
The designer name is not indicated but ...
Category
1970s Scandinavian Modern Vintage European Western European Rugs
Materials
Wool
Tapestry Royal Manufacture of Aubusson, Louis XVI period 1738 at the Gobelins
By Aubusson Manufacture
Located in Madrid, ES
Tapestry from the Royal Manufacture of Aubusson, Louis XVI period , made in 1738 at the Gobelins
One panel from a series of Gobelins tapestries depicting the History of Esther, illustrating Esther seated and attended by handmaidens, one washing her feet in golden basin, another fastening a bracelet, another offering a mirror, all observed by Mordecai, woven in the workshop of Michele Audran after a design by J. F. de Troy.
The Toilet of Esther c.1778-85.Royal Collection Trust-Queens Audience Chamber
Windsor Castle
The Sketches for the Esther Cycle by Jean-François de Troy (1736)
“and the maid was fair and beautiful; whom Mor’decai, ..., took for his own daughter.” (Est. 2:7)
A supple and undulating genius, both a flattering portraitist and a prolix history painter, as well as a brilliant genre painter, in a gallant or worldly vein, Jean-François de Troy (Paris, 1679 – Rome, 1752), solicited, although he had passed the threshold of old age, a new royal commission up to his ambitions. To obtain it, he submitted – successfully - for the approval of the Bâtiments du roi (administration), seven modelli painted in 1736 with his usual alacrity.
Inspired by one of the most novelistic texts of the Old Testament, the Book of Esther, these sketches in a rapid and virtuoso manner were transformed by the artist, between 1737 and 1740 into large cartoons intended to serve as models for the weavers of the Gobelins factory. Showing undeniable ease and skill in the composition in perfect harmony with the sensitivities of the times, the tapestry set met with great success.
The Story of Esther perfectly corresponded to the plan of the Bâtiments du roi to renew the repertoire of tapestry models used for the weavers of the royal factories while it also conformed to the tastes of Louis XV’s subjects for a fantastical Orient, the set for a dramatic tale in which splendour, love and death were combined. Indeed, no tapestry set was woven in France during the 18th century as often as that of Esther.
The series of modelli painted by de Troy during the year 1736 looks to the history of French painting and decoration under Louis XV as much as it does the history of the Gobelins. It probably counts among the most important rococo pictorial groups to have remained in private hands. First the Biblical source illustrated by De Troy which constitutes the base of one of the richest iconographical traditions of Western art will be considered. Then the circumstances and specific character of French civilisation during the reigns of Louis XIV and Louis XV which contributed to making the theme of Esther a relevant subject, both attractive to contemporaries and remarkably in line with the sensitivities of the time will be elucidated.
An examination of the exceptional series of sketches united here, the cartoons and the tapestries that they anticipate as well as a study of their reception will close this essay. The Book of Esther: A scriptural source at the source of rich iconography.
The origin of the Esther tapestry set by Jean-François de Troy – origin and creation of a masterpiece
According to the evidence of one of the artist’s early biographers, the chevalier de Valory, author of a posthumous elegy of the master, read at the Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture on 6 February 1762, it was apparently due to early16 rivalry with François Lemoyne (1688-1737), his younger colleague who had precisely just been appointed First Painter to the King in 1736, that had encouraged François de Troy to seek a commission allowing him to show off his ease and his promptitude at the expense of a rival who was notoriously laborious: “M. De Troy, retaining some resentment of the kind of disadvantage which he believed to have suffered compared with his emulator looked to regain some territory by making use of the facility his rival did not possess.
Lemoyne was excessively long in the creation of his works,and M. De Troy of a rare celerity: consequently, with this particular talent, the latter offered to the court to make paintings appropriate to be executed at the Gobelins Factory; and it is to this circumstance that we owe the beautiful series of the Story of Esther, which would be sufficient alone to give him a great reputation.”17 Beyond the suspicion inspired by the topos, which still constitutes, more or less, a tale of rivalries between artists in ancient literature, there is probably some truth in what Valory reports although A.-J. Dezalier d’Argenville (who indicates rather spitefully that de Troy did not hesitate to “cut prices” to impose himself, benefitting from the productivity assured by the unlikely rapidity of his brush)18 proves to be more evasive: “As he looked to busy himself, he had offered to make the paintings that serve as models for the King’s tapestries cheaply: which did not please his colleagues.
He was given a choice of two tapestry series to be made and he took the Story of Esther and that of Jason”.19 Whether or not the choice was actually left to de Troy (which would appear rather casual on the royal administration’s part all the same), it seems likely that the artist, whose contemporaries extol his “fire”, as the faculty of invention was then called, must have ardently aspired to the possibility of using on a very large scale the “creative genius” with which Dezallier d’Argenville credits him. The decoration of the private apartments, the fashion for which Louis XV had promoted at Versailles and Fontainebleau, offered little opportunity to excel in this area. Other than painting for altarpieces, only tapestries could allow comparison with Lemoyne who had been granted – unfortunately for him – a major decoration: the enormous ceiling of the Hercules Room at Versailles. Favoured by the recent improvement in France’s financial situation, the revival of patronage offered de Troy a commission fitting for him, in a field in which, however, he had hardly any experience.
Anxious to renew the repertoire of models available to the Gobelins factory, the Duc d’Antin, surintendant des Bâtiments du roi from 1708 to 1736 followed by his successor, Philibert Orry comte de Vignory, gave him the task of producing seven large cartoons inspired by the Book of Esther corresponding to the brilliant sketches or modelli which de Troy had produced in one go, or almost (very few preparatory drawings can in fact be linked to the Esther cycle and all seem to be at the execution stage of the cartoons).20 Subjected to the approval of the Administration des Bâtiments according to the procedure in use for projects being planned for the Gobelins, sketches made rapidly during 1736 were approved and the project launched immediately. Thereupon came the news of François Lemoyne’s death, who, ground down by work and a victim of his private torment, committed suicide on 4 June 1737.
Against all expectations, de Troy did not replace his rival in the position of First Painter (which remained vacant until the appointment of Charles Coypel in January 1747), which would perhaps have made him too obviously the beneficiary of the drama. The awarding of the position of Director of the French Academy in Rome came to console him while he had already produced (or he was in the process of finishing), in Paris, three of the seven cartoons of the cycle (The Fainting of Esther finished in 1737 and the Toilet and Coronation of Esther, both finished in 1738).
De Troy, we can see, did not follow the order of the narrative but began with the subjects which apparently offered the least difficulty because he had already depicted them, or because they fall into a strong pictorial tradition (such is the case especially for the Fainting of Esther). He had hardly settled at the Palazzo Mancini in August 1738, when his first task which awaited the new director of the French Academy naturally consisted of honouring the royal commission and finishing without delay the final cartoons of the Story of Esther after the sketches he must have taken with him. As prompt as ever, de Troy discharged himself of the execution of the four remaining cartoons in only two years, by beginning with the largest format which allowed him to strike the imagination and to impose himself as soon as he arrived on the Roman stage: the Triumph of Mor’decai which was finished in 1739 (like Esther’s Banquet).
The following year, the Mor’decai's Disdain and The Sentencing of Haman were brought to an end in the same Neo-Venetian style, obviously tributary to Veronese with its choice of “open” monumental architecture which is characteristic of the entire cycle.21 The series, it should be noted, was almost augmented with some additional scenes in the mid 1740s. Indeed, the first tapestry set finished at the Gobelins in 1744 proved to be unsuitable for the arrangement of the Dauphine’s apartments at Versailles for which it had been intended to decorate the walls the following year (cf infra). Informed of this, de Troy, considering that the story of Esther offered “several good subjects,” immediately offered to illustrate one or new subject among those “which could appear to be the most interesting”.
The directeur des Bâtiments Orry, who managed the State’s accounts, obviously judged it less costly to have one of the tapestries widened to fill in the end of the Dauphine’s bedroom,22 which has probably deprived us of very original compositions, because de Troy had already illustrated the most famous themes, those that benefitted from a strongly established iconographical tradition and from which it was not easy to deviate
The Tapestry Set of the Story of Esther
Placed on the tapestry looms of the Gobelins at the end of the 1730s in Michel Audran’s workshop, the cycle created by de Troy aroused true infatuation. The few hundred tapestries made between 1738 and 1797 – all in high-warp tapestry and woven in wool and silk except for four in low-warp made in Neilson’s workshop – show the impressive success of a tapestry set that was without any doubt the most frequently woven of the 18th century in France.
29 Only three cartoons had been delivered by de Troy in 1738 when the first tapestry set was begun by Audran under the expert eye of Jean-Baptiste Oudry to whom the Directeur général des bâtiments, Philibert Orry had assigned the (weekly) supervision of the weaving. During the summer of 1738, the piece of the Fainting of Esther, which Oudry judged to be admirable, was finished.
During the winter of 1742, Oudry informed Orry that about two ells of the Triumph of Mor’decai had been made “with no faults”,that the Coronation of Esther was finished and that the Esther at her Toilet “a very gracious tapestry” was “a little over half” finished. Exhibited at Versailles in 1743, these two last pieces were admired by Louis XV and the Court.
On 3 December 1744, the set of seven tapestries was finally delivered to the Garde Meuble. It was intended, the honour was not slight, to decorate the apartments of the Infanta Maria Teresa Rafaela of Spain whose marriage to the young Dauphin Louis-Ferdinand had been fixed for the following year (it took place on 23 February 1745). Apparently it was thought that the theme of Esther the biblical heroine and wife of a foreign sovereign was appropriate for the apartments of the Spanish Dauphine.
As early as the month of March, the architect Ange-Jacques Gabriel informed de Troy that her grand cabinet was decorated with the “Esther tapestry set” specifying however that “for lack of two small or one large piece, we have not been able to decorate the end of the room”. This difficulty led immediately to the Banquet episode being woven a second time in two parts (they were delivered to the Garde-Meuble on 30 December 1746) to garnish the panels on each side of the bed of the Dauphine who would hardly enjoy them (she died on 22 July 1746 and the decoration was installed for the new Dauphine Maria Josepha of Saxony).
The appearance of the set’s remarkable border, which imitated a richly sculpted wooden frame, should be mentioned. Conceived in 1738 by the ornamentalist Pierre Josse-Perrot and used in the later weavings until 1768, it tended to reinforce the resolutely painterly appearance of the tapestry set which, in this regard, pushed the art of tapestry as far as its ultimate mimetic possibilities. With the exception of Mor’decai's Disdain which had been removed earlier, the “editio princeps” of the story of Esther (from then on in nine pieces) remained at Versailles until the Revolution. Of the eight surviving tapestries, four are at the chateau of Compiègne and four belong today to the Mobilier National. No less than seven tapestry sets reputed to be complete (one of them in fact only had six tapestries) would be produced officially at the Gobelins up to 1772.
Literature:
1- The Œuvres mêlées of an emulator of Racine, the Abbé Augustin NADAL thus include an Esther. Divertissement spiritual which is exactly contemporary with Jean François de Troy’s cycle since it was performed in 1735 and published in Paris three years later.
2-Le Siècle de Louis XIV, 1751, 1785 ed., p. 96-97 for French ed.
3- Lemoyne and de Troy had been obliged to share the First Prize in the competition organised in 1727 between the most prominent history painters of the Académie Royale.
4- Mémoires…, pub. L. DUSSIEUX et al., 1854, II, p.265.
5-The fact that de Troy, at the risk of falling out with his colleagues, did not hesitate to make use of prices in order to convince the new directeur des Bâtiments Philibert Orry, is confirmed by Mariette who adds tersely “it caused much shouting” (pub. 1851-1860, II, p. 103).
6- Abrégé de la vie des plus fameux peintres…, ed. 1762, IV, p. 368-369 20 Early comments on the painter are inclined to present him as a kind of “pure painter”, doing without the medium of drawing, a few intermediary studies between the Esther sketches and the large cartoons at the Louvre nevertheless show that de Troy used red chalk (see in the catalogue, the notice for the Meal of Esther and Ahasuerus under the entry drawing) to change one or other figure.
7-C. GASTINEL-COURAL (cat. exp. PARIS, 1985, p. 9-13) as well as the article by J. VITTET, exh. cat. LA ROCHE-GUYON, 2001, p. 51-55.
8-The Hermitage in St. Petersburg conserves five tapestries of these two royal gifts whose provenance still awaits elucidation (as far as we are aware). In 1766, the Grand Marshal of Russia, Count Razumovski (or Razamowski), acquired the Fainting and the Banquet extracted from the sixth weaving (J. VITTET, 2001, p. 53).
9- Lettres écrites de Suisse, d’Italie…,quoted by J. VITTET, op. cit., p. 54.
10-The tapestry set remained in the hands of a branch of the Hapsburg-Lorraine family until 1933 (ibid. P. 54).
11-Quoted by Chr. LERIBAULT, 2002, p. 97, note 269.
12-Y. CANTAREL-BESSON, 1992, p. 241.
Catalogue
The Esther at her Toilet
Oil on canvas, 57 x 51 cm Provenance: Painted in 1736 at the same time as the six other modelli of the Story of Esther intended to be presented, for approval, to the direction des Bâtiments du Roi; perhaps identifiable among a lot of sketches by Jean-François de Troy in the post mortem inventory of the amateur, historian and critic Claude-Henri Watelet (1718-1786) drawn up on 13 January 1786 and following days (A.N. T 978, n° 30) then in the sale of the property of the deceased, Paris, 12 June 1786, n° 33; Paris, François Marcille Collection (who owned a series of six sketches from which the Triumph of Mor’decai was missing, see infra); Paris, Marcille Sale, Hôtel Drouot, 12-13 January 1857, n° 36; Asnières, Mme de Chavanne de Palmassy ( ?) collection; Paris, Galerie Cailleux; Paris, Humbert de Wendel collection (acquired from the Galerie Cailleux in 1928); by inheritance in the same family; Paris, Sotheby’s, 23 June 2011, n° 61. In order not to add unnecessarily to the technical commentary on each work, the catalogue raisonné by Chr. Leribault which contains a substantial bibliography on the series should be referred to. The other bibliographical references only concern the publications and exhibitions to have appeared and been presented more recently. Bibliography and Exhibitions: Chr. LERIBAULT, 2002, n° P. 247 (repr.); E. LIMARDO DATURI, 2004, p. 28; Exh. cat. NANTES, 2011, p. 138, n° 34, referred to in note 1; Sotheby’s catalogue, Tableaux anciens et du XIXe siècle, 23 June 2011, n° 61 (repr.).
Related Works:
Tapestry cartoon: The cartoon (oil on canvas, 329 x 320 cm), the third made by the artist in Paris after the sketches had been approved by the direction des Bâtiments, is in the Louvre (Inv. 8315). It previously bore the painter’s signature and the date 1738 (inscriptions which are found on the tapestries). The royal administration paid 1600 livres for it on 21 June 1738 and it was exhibited at the Salon in the year of its creation.
Summary Biography
1679 (27 January): Baptism in Paris (Parish of St. Nicolas du Chardonnet) of Jean-François de Troy, son of the painter François de Troy and Jeanne Cotelle, sister of the painter Jean II Cotelle.
1696-1698: Studies (apparently rather turbulent) at the Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture.
1698-1708: First trip to Italy. Is obliged to leave Rome in January 1711 after a tempestuous affair (a duel?), de Troy extends the traditional Roman experience as a pensionnaire at the Académie de France by also visiting Tuscany where he stays for a long time, Venice (his art in face has a strongly Venetian character) and Genoa.
1708: De Troy (whose father had been elected Director of the Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture on 7 July) is agréé and immediately received at the Académie with Apollo and Diana Piercing with their Arrows the Children of Niobe (Montpellier, Musée Fabre) on 28 July.
1710: First royal commission, paid for on 10 May (a sketch representing “the Promotion of the Order of the Holy Spirit” for the tapestry series of the History of the King).
1716: Jean-François de Troy is elected Assistant Professor at the Academy.
1720: He is appointed Professor.
1723: The artist creates the double portrait of Louis XV...
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