Directoire Furniture
Formed in the wake of the Jacobin Reign of Terror’s bloody guillotine, the Directoire was established to lead France into order through the leadership of a five-member council of directors. It was brief, lasting only from 1795 to 1799, ending with Napoléon Bonaparte’s coup d’état, and was economically tumultuous. Yet it was an essential bridge between the era of Louis XVI and the elaborate Empire style that followed, with Directoire furniture and decorative arts shaped by a royal passion for classical design and an enthusiasm for postrevolutionary France.
Much of the country’s furniture production had halted during the French Revolution when the furniture guilds system was abolished, but during the Directoire period, the cabinetmakers restarted their businesses, such as François-Honoré-Georges and Jacob-Desmalter who established a new workshop called Jacob-Frères. Pieces made in walnut, elm, mahogany and other inexpensive materials incorporated influences ranging from Egypt to Pompeii, with popular forms including the curule armchair based on an ancient Roman design. The aesthetics of the transitional style were more austere than during the monarchy, with court cabinetmaker Jean-Baptiste Sené, for instance, reimagining his workshop’s neoclassical-style furniture with ungilded surfaces and a reduction of ornamentation.
Symbols referencing the revolutionary tenets of liberty, equality and fraternity were frequently carved into Directoire furnishings, such as the Phrygian cap, clasped hands and the fasces, which is an image of a bound bundle of sticks adopted from the Roman Republic, where it was seen as an emblem of strength through unity.
Elements of the French Directoire style continued through Empire style. Designers Charles Percier and Pierre-François-Léonard Fontaine are credited today as major proponents of both movements. The classically inspired furniture design is represented in pieces such as the boat-shaped daybed and the klismos chair, which endured in French interiors as well as in styles abroad, including American Directoire.
Find a collection of antique Directoire chairs, tables, daybeds, decorative objects and other furniture on 1stDibs.
1950s Vintage Directoire Furniture
Bronze
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Marble, Bronze
Mid-20th Century Directoire Furniture
Carrara Marble
1960s Vintage Directoire Furniture
Brass, Steel
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Zinc
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Tôle
1790s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Early 20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Bronze
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Marble, Bronze
1950s Vintage Directoire Furniture
Bronze
20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Leather, Wood
1950s Vintage Directoire Furniture
Mirror, Wood
2010s Directoire Furniture
Blown Glass, Wood
Late 20th Century North American Directoire Furniture
Fruitwood
18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Bronze
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Terracotta
1790s European Antique Directoire Furniture
Bronze
Early 19th Century English Antique Directoire Furniture
Marble, Brass
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Upholstery, Wood
1970s European Vintage Directoire Furniture
Brass
Early 20th Century English Directoire Furniture
Mahogany
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Ormolu
Early 1800s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Walnut
1920s Danish Vintage Directoire Furniture
Marble
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Ormolu
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Fabric, Oak
1790s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Paper
18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Carrara Marble, Ormolu
1790s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Ormolu
1960s Italian Vintage Directoire Furniture
Tôle
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Silver
Late 20th Century European Directoire Furniture
Upholstery, Cherry
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Bronze
19th Century Unknown Antique Directoire Furniture
Ormolu
Late 19th Century Italian Antique Directoire Furniture
Walnut
Early 1800s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Ormolu, Bronze
Early 1800s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Walnut
20th Century Directoire Furniture
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Bronze
1790s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Silk, Wood
19th Century Unknown Antique Directoire Furniture
Belgian Black Marble, Carrara Marble
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Bronze
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Mahogany
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Mahogany
Late 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Fabric, Wood
19th Century Italian Antique Directoire Furniture
Olive
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Wood
2010s Belgian Directoire Furniture
Wood
Early 19th Century English Antique Directoire Furniture
Walnut
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Wood
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Bronze, Ormolu
18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Brass, Ormolu
20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Aluminum
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Mahogany, Sycamore, Walnut
1940s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Bronze
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Marble
Late 20th Century European Directoire Furniture
Bronze
2010s Italian Directoire Furniture
Bronze
2010s Italian Directoire Furniture
Bronze
Mid-20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Wood, Walnut





