Directoire Furniture
Formed in the wake of the Jacobin Reign of Terror’s bloody guillotine, the Directoire was established to lead France into order through the leadership of a five-member council of directors. It was brief, lasting only from 1795 to 1799, ending with Napoléon Bonaparte’s coup d’état, and was economically tumultuous. Yet it was an essential bridge between the era of Louis XVI and the elaborate Empire style that followed, with Directoire furniture and decorative arts shaped by a royal passion for classical design and an enthusiasm for postrevolutionary France.
Much of the country’s furniture production had halted during the French Revolution when the furniture guilds system was abolished, but during the Directoire period, the cabinetmakers restarted their businesses, such as François-Honoré-Georges and Jacob-Desmalter who established a new workshop called Jacob-Frères. Pieces made in walnut, elm, mahogany and other inexpensive materials incorporated influences ranging from Egypt to Pompeii, with popular forms including the curule armchair based on an ancient Roman design. The aesthetics of the transitional style were more austere than during the monarchy, with court cabinetmaker Jean-Baptiste Sené, for instance, reimagining his workshop’s neoclassical-style furniture with ungilded surfaces and a reduction of ornamentation.
Symbols referencing the revolutionary tenets of liberty, equality and fraternity were frequently carved into Directoire furnishings, such as the Phrygian cap, clasped hands and the fasces, which is an image of a bound bundle of sticks adopted from the Roman Republic, where it was seen as an emblem of strength through unity.
Elements of the French Directoire style continued through Empire style. Designers Charles Percier and Pierre-François-Léonard Fontaine are credited today as major proponents of both movements. The classically inspired furniture design is represented in pieces such as the boat-shaped daybed and the klismos chair, which endured in French interiors as well as in styles abroad, including American Directoire.
Find a collection of antique Directoire chairs, tables, daybeds, decorative objects and other furniture on 1stDibs.
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Marble
20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Bronze
1970s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Brass
Early 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Fabric, Beech
Early 19th Century Dutch Antique Directoire Furniture
Brass
1950s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Metal
20th Century American Directoire Furniture
Oak
1950s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Walnut
Mid-20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Carrara Marble, Brass
1970s Unknown Vintage Directoire Furniture
Mirror
1790s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Mahogany
1950s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Brass
Late 18th Century Swedish Antique Directoire Furniture
Mid-20th Century Argentine Directoire Furniture
Silver Leaf
Early 1900s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Griotte Marble, Bronze, Ormolu
1950s European Vintage Directoire Furniture
Metal, Brass
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Wood
Mid-20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Wood
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Marble, Bronze
1810s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Cherry
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Upholstery, Wood
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Leather, Mahogany
Early 1800s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Walnut
1950s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Marble, Bronze
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Marble
18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Marble, Ormolu
1790s Russian Antique Directoire Furniture
Marble, Ormolu
1940s Italian Vintage Directoire Furniture
Fruitwood
1940s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Brass
Early 20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Leather, Mahogany
18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Marble, Bronze
1860s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Gold
Late 18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Canvas, Hardwood
Mid-19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Tôle
1950s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Iron
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Giltwood
Early 19th Century Italian Antique Directoire Furniture
Wood
1950s French Vintage Directoire Furniture
Brass, Wrought Iron
21st Century and Contemporary Vietnamese Directoire Furniture
Wood
20th Century Directoire Furniture
Leather
1980s American Vintage Directoire Furniture
Fabric, Silk, Wood
1970s American Vintage Directoire Furniture
Marble
Late 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Wood
1950s Italian Vintage Directoire Furniture
Marble, Brass
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Metal
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Velvet, Wood, Paint
1860s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Marble, Bronze
1950s Vintage Directoire Furniture
Brass, Iron
Early 1800s French Antique Directoire Furniture
Marble, Bronze, Iron
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Mahogany
1790s Antique Directoire Furniture
Marble, Brass
Early 19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Brass
18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Canvas
1950s Italian Vintage Directoire Furniture
Marble, Bronze
21st Century and Contemporary Vietnamese Directoire Furniture
Brass
19th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Walnut
Early 20th Century French Directoire Furniture
Walnut
20th Century Directoire Furniture
18th Century French Antique Directoire Furniture
Marble, Ormolu
1950s Vintage Directoire Furniture
Brass, Chrome





