Painted Paintings

19th Century Framed Oil on Canvas Painting Depicting Hound Dogs on the Scent. England, 1801-1900. Measures: 25" H, 33" W, 1" D. Purchased from a local Middleburg, Virginia estate.

19thc French Antique Masterpiece Oil on Board Painting "Woman Imploring The Cross In Ocean" Signed and Giltwood Framed. This is a stunning piece of art that moves you when viewed.

PRESENTING a simply beautiful, monumental and imposing original work of contemporary art, namely, a Triptych oil on canvas panels of New Orleans Colonial/French Quarter Houses. Unsigned and undated, but most definitely inspired by the World Renowned New Orleans artist, James Michalopoulos. These were not painted by Michalopoulos, but were clearly inspired by him and his famous depictions of ‘wavey’ New Orleans houses. Also, they were created and painted in New Orleans, contemporaneously to when Michalopoulos was starting to become recognized, in the New Orleans (and greater) artworld. The 3 panels work perfectly together as a visual feast and ‘connected’ work of art. The panel on the left features a wavy blue, grey and yellow, French Quarter style 2 Story Wooden house, complete with Corinthian Style Columns, decks, railings, storm shuttered windows, etc. It has a deep blue sky with shimmering light reflections. The garden to the front, has steps leading to the house and has shrubs and flowers, that are continued into the 2nd or middle/center panel. The middle or center panel incorporates the other side of the garden plants etc for continuity and it features a single story pink, yellow and white wavy French Quarter style house, with fabulous decor and complete with decks, railings, storm shuttered windows, etc. It has a deep blue sky with shimmering light reflections and a white moon, emitting swirling patterns of light. The garden to the front, has steps leading to the house and has shrubs and flowers, that are continued into the 3rd or right panel. The right panel, features a wavy light...

Andrew Nicholl R.H.A. (1804–1886) The Stack, Portmoon, The Giant’s Causeway, County Antrim, Northern Ireland. Medium: Watercolor on paper Signed: Lower right. A. Nicholl R.H.A. A...

Adolf Schreyer is famous and most successful German painter orientalist, whose works were particularly sought after by aristocratic and upper-class buyers at the time. Towards the en...

Hans Zatzka (Austrian, 1859-1945) a very fine and charming oil on canvas "Spring Beauties", depicting three young maidens picking flowers by a lake. The three young girls sitting, kneeling and laying on a grassy area of the forest, her wicker basket filled with the freshly picked flowers, the middle one wearing a bonnet and a straw-hat laying on the ground behind with butterflies flying by, within a gilt-wood and gesso carved frame. Signed (l/r): H. Zatzka. Circa: 1890-1900's, Hans Zatzka (Austrian, 1859-1945) was a well known and regarded Austrian fantasy artist whose most popular and valuable works depicted figures of young maidens with angels, floral and other cheerful and warm scenes, including Orientalist themes. In the past thirty years alone, the high quality and detail of his beautiful paintings has caught the attention of International collectors and art dealers alike, creating a highly sought after market and demand for his instantly recognizable body of work. In the late 19th and early 20th century, many of Zazka's charming works were photographed for commercial and collectable postcards. Though no information about his works being exhibited in museums is currently available, most of Zatzka's paintings are in private collections and, in the past century, very few of them have become available on the open market. At the young age of eighteen Zatzka joined Austria's Academy of Fine Arts under the leadership of Professor Blaas. For his fine early works, in 1880 he received The Golden Fügermedal award. Zatzka, like many other artists of the era, traveled around Europe working and selling his art and, in one of his many trips to Italy, he developed a special interest in Religious themes, decorating churches with frescos as well as painting several religious scenes of Madonna's and Child, Saints, Angels and others. In 1885 Zatzka was commissioned to paint "The Naiad of Baden" a ceiling fresco at Kurhaus Baden. Most of Zatzka's income came from his work in religious art and special church commissions. Numerous leading art dealers from around the world that specialize in late 19th and early 20th century European genre paintings have come to the conclusion that the painter signing his works Bernard Zatzka, Joseph Bernard or J. Bernard is almost certainly the artist Hans Zatzka. The consensus seems quite plausible when comparing works known to have been executed by Hans Zatzka together with similar works displaying the signature; Joseph Bernard, J. Bernard or Bernard Zatzka. Lohengrin refers to the knight of the swan, hero of German versions of a legend widely known in variant forms from the European Middle Ages onward. It seems to bear some relation to the northern European folktale of “The Seven Swans,” but its actual origin is uncertain. It is also a character in German Arthurian literature. The son of Parzival (Percival), he is a knight of the Holy Grail sent in a boat pulled by swans...

Magnificent Italian 17th century Portrait of Virgin Mary measures 52 x 68 cm without the frame. The colors are stunning and the paintin...

Absolutely Stunning! MID CENTURY EXPRESSIONIST SEASCAPE Large Approx. 29" x 41" Beautiful Mid Century Wood Frame This is a wonderful and eye-catching seascape! This print and frame is in fine vintage shape with age appropriate wear. It is a most romantic and vibrant seascape combining the unrelenting power of the sea with the sun lit heavens! Vintage mid century prints...

This six panel Italian screen is from the Baroque period, circa 1700. The four central panels have been affixed to a foldable frame, while the two outer panels are detached. When all...

Charming pair of Italian oil paintings on canvas of two palm trees on an aged cream colored background with the artist monkey logo and pa...

"Font and Folly" by Kevin Paulsen. Whimsical woodland scene created with plaster and pigment on theatrical fabric laid on board.

A captivating exploration of depth and dimension, this abstract textural painting by Michael Allen is a striking statement of modern artistry. Executed on a wood panel, the compositi...

A wonderfully large and vibrant landscape painting from France. Signed in the bottom right corner by the artist. Protected behind antique rolled glass...

A large and beautiful three quarter length portrait of a partly seated lady her hat over one arm holding a bouquet of flowers, the other arm held upward holding a branch of a tree. This original oil on canvas by the British artist Laurence Koe, (1863-1913), is signed on the lower right and dated 1905. Lawrence E. Koe was a portrait painter and sculptor. He is listed as living in Brighton when he first exhibited at The Royal Academy in 1891, but by 1894 he had moved to London where he appears to have settled for the remainder of his life. Koe exhibited widely; over twenty times at The Royal Academy, but also at the R.O.I, The Royal Society of Artists in Birmingham and the Walker Art Gallery in Liverpool. Most of his exhibited works were portraits, and among his sitters were the wives of fellow artists Harold Speed RP (1872-1957) and Harold Piffard (fl. 1895-1899). In 1896 Koe exhibited “Venus and Tännhauser” at the Royal Academy, now in the permanent collection in the Brighton Museum and Art and he showed a painting of Sappho two years later. He clearly shows the influence of other artists working at the same time, notably Singer Sargent, Arthur Hacker RA (1858-1919) and Herbert James Draper...

Copy of seascape painting titled "The Sea Koktebel". Showing sunrise on a beach with a small sailboat grounded on shore with two masted schooners offshore

18th century, Italian oil on canvas still life by Pietro Navarra Oil on canvas, canvas measures: cm H 103 x W 164, framed measures...

Wonderful naive oil painting of a girl. Fabulous muted colors. The austerity of the image is matched by the simplicity of the antique bleached oak frame. I have chosen not to resto...

Exceptional painting by famous Mexican artist Amador Lugo Guadarrama (April 12, 1921 – June 26, 2002) was a Mexican painter, graphic artist, writer and c...

Antique miniature landscape oil painting on Masonite panel - complete with original ebonized soft wood frame with gilt filigree - signed/initialed by the artist - R.G.H.S. - mid 20th...

A magnificent pair of large oil paintings of cathedral city scenes by Augustus Bentley (British, fl. 1880–1910), each finely detailed work depicting bustling continental street scene...

refined Indian brush painting of a nobleman riding on a horse, intricate detail, ink, color and gold gilt on paper, Conservation framed

This opulent still life by artist Helen Oh gets its richness from a deep teal blue background as well as the soft pearl coloring of the nautilus shell. Painted on a wine crate panel...

A late 19th century framed oil painting on canvas depicting ‘The Bath of Psyche’ after Sir Frederick Leighton. Marked ‘1892’, this antique oil painting by an unknown artist is a scal...

A 19th C three quarter length portrait of an aristocratic gentleman with his personal valet shown behind him. The young man with flowing long hair is portrayed from the waist up and ...

Painted in southern France circa 1885, this captivating maritime landscape captures the luminous atmosphere of the Port de Marseille along the Mediterranean coast. The oil on canvas,...

Tempera and gold background on panel. 28.2 x 24.7 cm. Cracks and reinforcements. 18th century Crete School. Greece Here is the iconographic image of the boy being rescued by St...

17th century Dutch Old Master painting with provenance, Barnyard with farm animals and peasants. This Dutch oil on canvas painting is a jewel among the g...

Oil on canvas, Jan Spronk (1962) - Staande Vrouw (''Standing Woman'') This exceptionally large oil painting, created by the Dutch artist Jan Spronk (1920–1970), is a work that immed...

Geoffrey Bowman (1928-2009) "Black Diamond", Oil and Mixed Media on Canvas, 1984 Beautiful colorful and textural smaller scale painting by California artist Geoffrey Bowman. Measures 21-1/2" high, 21-1/2" wide as framed. Canvas measures 21" high, 21" wide. Signed and dated on reverse. Retains partial artist tag. Geoffrey Bowman was born in San Francisco on December 29, 1928. In 1946, he quit high school and joined the Navy and traveled to China, Korea, the Philippines, and Hawaii. In 1948 after being discharged from the Navy, Bowman earned his high school equivalency diploma. Five years later he met and married his first wife Mill, and graduated from San Francisco State University with a BA in Social Science. During this time he also became intensely interested in art and printmaking and began to study art formally. By 1957 Geoffrey had earned his graduate degree in art and began to teach art in San Quentin. In 1960 Bowman left his teaching job at San Quentin to spend more time working on his art and examining Asian philosophy at the American Academy of Asian Studies in San Francisco. During this time to support himself and his wife Geoffrey drove a taxi at night so that he could have his days free to work in the studio. In 1964 he joined the art faculty at San Jose State University and moved to San Jose and became a full professor in 1973. Geoffrey taught at SJSU for twenty-nine years, specializing in lithography and intaglio printmaking techniques. At the same time he was deeply involved in his own work and accumulated an impressive professional exhibition record and his work was exhibited regionally, nationally, and internationally. Bowman’s work is in several public permanent collections including the San Jose Museum of Art, San Francisco Museum of Art, Achenbach Foundation of Graphic Arts San Francisco, Lannan Foundation New York, and Crown Press Berkeley. After retiring from teaching in 1994 Geoffrey turned to painting as his primary medium of expression. Although there was a media shift he continued to focus on one subject: the consistency of change. This he accomplished in part with combinations of paint and an assortment of reflective materials such as metallic flake and leaves, glass beads, and light-refracting pigments. Bowman became quite private in his later years and had his last one-man public exhibition in 2001 at the Fredrick Spratt Gallery in San Jose. Bowman died in San Jose, California on October 9, 2009. Source: The Annex Galleries

"Untitled" 1999, Watercolor Figure by Martin Sumers. Wear is consistent with age and use. See photos for details. 12.25" W x 14.25" H Martin Sumers (1922–2012) was a New York artis...

Late 18th to Early 19th Century Portrait of a Sea Captain, by Charles Delin (Netherlands: 1756-1818), circa 1810, a fine period oil on canvas quarter-length portrait of Captain Mellens, an elegant gentleman in navy blue woolen double breasted sea coat, with high starched collar shirt and neck cloth, unsigned; retains an old collection label on the reverse identifying the artist and subject. The painting remains in fine condition, in its original carved and gilded frame. Although identified by name, we could not find any additional information on the sitter. The name and clothing indicates that the captain was American or English. The artist Charles Delin was highly regarded in his day and specialized in sea captain portraits...

The Brendan Bass Estate Collection pays homage to the beauty of vintage and antique pieces, each artfully concealing endless stories collected through the generations in which they ...

Impressionist and scenic Bucks County Pa, a fresh morning on the Delaware River. Depicting the views across the Delaware River of the quaint village banks of Lumberville. The village...

18th Century Framed Oil Painting on Canvas of Madonna, Child & Angel ~ Flemish School is a lovely interpretation of an age-old scene. An adoring Madonna gazes upon the Christ child ...

Copy of French impressionist painting titled "Madame Monet and Her Son" showing a mother and son on a grassy knoll

A green-grey, vintage Mid-Century Modern French "Udile" oil on wood painting of a landscape, painted by Daniel Clesse in good condition. The painting depicts colorful nature of a for...

Visionary, abstract original acrylic on aluminum painting by famous NASA Space Artist, Andreas Nottebohn, titled "KNM 1387" depicts a colorful, otherworldly scene on a shimmering sheet of scored metal. This incredible celestial painting frees the viewer from a one dimensional perspective by suggesting a vast and mysterious distance. Information on the back of the painting states, “KNM 1387 Spec 1 of 48 similar original paintings 1996 30 x 24 Acrylic on Aluminum”. Hand signed by the artist in the lower left corner. Very nicely custom framed in a transitional style black frame with wide silver inner lining. Framed, the painting measures approximately 35" high x 29" wide x 2" deep. Unframed painting measures approximately 30" high x 24" wide. One of the key innovators of metal painting, Nottebohm creates what might be called sculptures on a flat plane. By removing microscopic layers from the metal surface, he transforms the material into patterns of shimmering light. The unusual luminous quality of Nottebohm's work comes from the aluminum surfaces he scores, using a variety of manual and machine tools. Aluminum can create light and movement that you cannot create with anything else. It is similar to the sun reflecting on water, and you see one painting from one side and another painting from another side. East German born (1944) Andreas Nottebohm moved to Munich as a teenager and immigrated to the San Francisco Bay area of the United States in 1979, after touring the U.S. for a one man exhibition. While in Germany in the 1970s, he was one of the co-founders of the Society for Art and Science in Munich. Around the time he relocated to the United States, he was invited to participate in the NASA Art...

Sitting Man Oil and Tempera Paint on Canvas Belgium 1964. A large and very well painted portrait of a sitting man framed in solid oak - dated 1964. Beautiful pose and very well cra...

Originally a scenic backdrop for a French theater during the 1920s, this large painted canvas can be considered a trompe-l’œil. A trompe-l’oeil (literally “deceive the eye”) is a sty...

Vintage Frank Walcott mixed media abstract painting, 1970s Offered for sale is a 1970s Mid-Century Modern Frank Walcott mixed media abstract 3-dimens...

A figurative painting of two Vietnamese woman admiring a bouquet of flowers. Retaining original frame. Artist signature lower right is undecipherable. A charming painting reflecting ...

Rococo oil painting signed Bruno Blätter around 1890 Oil on canvas painting. Rococo scene. Three gentlemen seated at the table, playing cards a...

17th Century Flemish Tronie Portrait Oil on Canvas. Monogrammed The painting demonstrates the Flemish style executed in 16th/17th century portraiture. This bust-length portrait depi...

Copy of painting by Salvador Dali titled, "Persistence of Memory" Showing melting clocks in landscape

"The Chaperone" by Kevin Paulsen. Large format "fragment" painting created with pigment and plaster on polystyrene, mounted in shadow box frame.

A pair of unusual and very intriguing large scale reverse glass paintings of a noble man and woman. She with her long neck and limbs, dressed in an elegant gown metallic copper gown...

Miguel Canals a Spanish painter from Barcelona who painted in the style of 17th century Spanish painters such as Tom'as Hiepes . In Spanish, the word Bodeg'on designates a pictorial ...

Title: Nature Morte A still life composition featuring vibrant flowers in a vase alongside a potted rubber plant. Oil on canvas, signed A.H. (1911-12). Exhibited at Ordrupgaard Museum, Denmark, in the "Astrid Holm...

MARGARET COCHRANE - 'Mill Houses on the Moselle River - France' - double sided watercolor painting on Arches paper - signed lower right - unframed - harbor ...

A fine Italian 19th century oil painting on canvas "La Madonna della Seggiola" after Raphael (Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino 1483-1520) The circular canvas depicting a seated Madonna holding an infant Jesus Christ next to a child Saint John the Baptist, all within a massive carved gilt wood and gesso frame (all high quality gilt is original) which is identical to the frame on Raphael's original artwork. This painting is a 19th Century copy of Raphael's Madonna della Seggiola painted in 1514 and currently exhibited and part of the permanent collection at the Palazzo Pitti, Galleria Palatina, Florence, Italy. The bodies of the Virgin, Christ, and the boy Baptist fill the whole picture. The tender, natural looking embrace of the Mother and Child, and the harmonious grouping of the figures in the round, have made this one of Raphael's most popular Madonnas. The isolated chair leg is reminiscent of papal furniture, which has led to the assumption that Leo X himself commissioned the painting, circa 1890-1900. Subject: Religious painting Measures: Canvas height: 29 1/4 inches (74.3 cm) Canvas width: 29 1/4 inches (74.3 cm) Painting diameter: 28 1/4 inches (71.8 cm) Frame height: 57 7/8 inches (147 cm) Frame width: 45 1/2 inches (115.6 cm) Frame depth: 5 1/8 inches (13 cm).   Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino (Italian, March 28 or April 6, 1483 - April 6, 1520), known as Raphael, was an Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance. His work is admired for its clarity of form, ease of composition, and visual achievement of the Neoplatonic ideal of human grandeur. Together with Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci, he forms the traditional trinity of great masters of that period. Raphael was enormously productive, running an unusually large workshop and, despite his death at 37, leaving a large body of work. Many of his works are found in the Vatican Palace, where the frescoed Raphael Rooms were the central, and the largest, work of his career. The best known work is The School of Athens in the Vatican Stanza della Segnatura. After his early years in Rome much of his work was executed by his workshop from his drawings, with considerable loss of quality. He was extremely influential in his lifetime, though outside Rome his work was mostly known from his collaborative printmaking. After his death, the influence of his great rival Michelangelo was more widespread until the 18th and 19th centuries, when Raphael's more serene and harmonious qualities were again regarded as the highest models. His career falls naturally into three phases and three styles, first described by Giorgio Vasari: his early years in Umbria, then a period of about four years (1504–1508) absorbing the artistic traditions of Florence, followed by his last hectic and triumphant twelve years in Rome, working for two Popes and their close associates. Raphael was born in the small but artistically significant central Italian city of Urbino in the Marche region, where his father Giovanni Santi was court painter to the Duke. The reputation of the court had been established by Federico III da Montefeltro, a highly successful condottiere who had been created Duke of Urbino by the Pope - Urbino formed part of the Papal States - and who died the year before Raphael was born. The emphasis of Federico's court was rather more literary than artistic, but Giovanni Santi was a poet of sorts as well as a painter, and had written a rhymed chronicle of the life of Federico, and both wrote the texts and produced the decor for masque-like court entertainments. His poem to Federico shows him as keen to show awareness of the most advanced North Italian painters, and Early Netherlandish artists as well. In the very small court of Urbino he was probably more integrated into the central circle of the ruling family than most court painters. Federico was succeeded by his son Guidobaldo da Montefeltro, who married Elisabetta Gonzaga, daughter of the ruler of Mantua, the most brilliant of the smaller Italian courts for both music and the visual arts. Under them, the court continued as a centre for literary culture. Growing up in the circle of this small court gave Raphael the excellent manners and social skills stressed by Vasari. Court life in Urbino at just after this period was to become set as the model of the virtues of the Italian humanist court through Baldassare Castiglione's depiction of it in his classic work The Book of the Courtier, published in 1528. Castiglione moved to Urbino in 1504, when Raphael was no longer based there but frequently visited, and they became good friends. He became close to other regular visitors to the court: Pietro Bibbiena and Pietro Bembo, both later cardinals, were already becoming well known as writers, and would be in Rome during Raphael's period there. Raphael mixed easily in the highest circles throughout his life, one of the factors that tended to give a misleading impression of effortlessness to his career. He did not receive a full humanistic education however; it is unclear how easily he read Latin. Early Life and Works His mother Màgia died in 1491 when Raphael was eight, followed on August 1, 1494 by his father, who had already remarried. Raphael was thus orphaned at eleven; his formal guardian became his only paternal uncle Bartolomeo, a priest, who subsequently engaged in litigation with his stepmother. He probably continued to live with his stepmother when not staying as an apprentice with a master. He had already shown talent, according to Vasari, who says that Raphael had been "a great help to his father". A self-portrait drawing from his teenage years shows his precocity. His father's workshop continued and, probably together with his stepmother, Raphael evidently played a part in managing it from a very early age. In Urbino, he came into contact with the works of Paolo Uccello, previously the court painter (d. 1475), and Luca Signorelli, who until 1498 was based in nearby Città di Castello. According to Vasari, his father placed him in the workshop of the Umbrian master Pietro Perugino as an apprentice "despite the tears of his mother". The evidence of an apprenticeship comes only from Vasari and another source, and has been disputed—eight was very early for an apprenticeship to begin. An alternative theory is that he received at least some training from Timoteo Viti, who acted as court painter in Urbino from 1495.Most modern historians agree that Raphael at least worked as an assistant to Perugino from around 1500; the influence of Perugino on Raphael's early work is very clear: "probably no other pupil of genius has ever absorbed so much of his master's teaching as Raphael did", according to Wölfflin. Vasari wrote that it was impossible to distinguish between their hands at this period, but many modern art historians claim to do better and detect his hand in specific areas of works by Perugino or his workshop. Apart from stylistic closeness, their techniques are very similar as well, for example having paint applied thickly, using an oil varnish medium, in shadows and darker garments, but very thinly on flesh areas. An excess of resin in the varnish often causes cracking of areas of paint in the works of both masters. The Perugino workshop was active in both Perugia and Florence, perhaps maintaining two permanent branches. Raphael is described as a "master", that is to say fully trained, in December 1500. His first documented work was the Baronci altarpiece for the church of Saint Nicholas of Tolentino in Città di Castello, a town halfway between Perugia and Urbino. Evangelista da Pian di Meleto, who had worked for his father, was also named in the commission. It was commissioned in 1500 and finished in 1501; now only some cut sections and a preparatory drawing remain. In the following years he painted works for other churches there, including the Mond Crucifixion (about 1503) and the Brera Wedding of the Virgin (1504), and for Perugia, such as the Oddi Altarpiece. He very probably also visited Florence in this period. These are large works, some in fresco, where Raphael confidently marshals his compositions in the somewhat static style of Perugino. He also painted many small and exquisite cabinet paintings in these years, probably mostly for the connoisseurs in the Urbino court, like the Three Graces and St. Michael, and he began to paint Madonnas and portraits. In 1502 he went to Siena at the invitation of another pupil of Perugino, Pinturicchio, "being a friend of Raphael and knowing him to be a draughtsman of the highest quality" to help with the cartoons, and very likely the designs, for a fresco series in the Piccolomini Library in Siena Cathedral. He was evidently already much in demand even at this early stage in his career. Influence of Florence Raphael led a "nomadic" life, working in various centres in Northern Italy, but spent a good deal of time in Florence, perhaps from about 1504. Although there is traditional reference to a "Florentine period...

Vintage small Modernist still life painting features a composition of fruits and flowers in a blue vase. Jewel-like colors of burnt orange background juxtapose the intense blue colo...

Heshi Yu Abstract Cityscape/Village Naive Chinese Modernist Oil Painting on Canvas. Signed Delightful, intricately detailed, vividly hued, modernist village by Chinese-American art...

Erwin Kettemann Landscape in the Tyrolean Alps, Oil on Canvas ca. 1930 An original antique painting showing alpine meadows with moutains in ...

A large, colorful and dazzling kaleidoscopic Oil on board of a Carnival scene. Impressionist and modern artist who was noted for New York scenes. Colorful oil on board depicting an a...

Acrylic on canvas. Signed lower right. Title above- "A good song takes on meaning as the years go by". A commercial artist out of New York who is inspired by Pop art. Set in a gray ...

A rare gemstone artwork in the art nouveau style modeled after Alphonse Mucha's "Spring". The painting was done on the back of glass and applied with quartz to create the iridescent background. The Goddess finely painted, delicately inlaid with natural gemstones. She wears a long mermaid...

1974 French Impressionist Abstract Still-life Painting by Farmor Offered for sale is a signed 1974 abstract French impressionist table-scape still life painting signed Farmor. The p...

Danish oil painting - stilleben, painting on canvas - ca. 1960s. The style is modernistic and the motive of a vase with red flowers in it, a yellow bowl and some coconuts on a table...

Fabulous 1986 Lucio Pozzi original one-of-a-kind framed Altamura abstract expressionism monotype artwork, oil on paper. It is signed, dated, and titled by the artist with pencil alo...

A sea sponge doubles as a vessel to hold decorative shells in the still life by Helen Oh. Enhanced with a silver leaf backdrop, the shells and sponges are reflected in the rich maho...