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Technique: Painted
Fox Hunter on Horse with Hounds, Attributed to Gilpin, Oil on Canvas, Circa 1790
Located in Kinderhook, NY
An exquisite circa 1790 equestrian oil on canvas of a red-coated and bewigged gentleman fox hunter with outstretched arm and hand holding cap, 'riding to hounds' on a galloping bay h...
Category
Late 18th Century English George III Antique Painted Paintings
Materials
Canvas, Giltwood, Paint
Antique 17th Century Madonna with Child, Rome Carlo Maratta Oil on Canvas
By Carlo Maratta
Located in Doha, QA
C. Maratta went to Rome in 1636 and became an apprentice in the Studio of Andrea Sacchi. Pope Alexander VII commissioned many paintings from him. Maratta’s paintings of the later 165...
Category
17th Century Italian Baroque Antique Painted Paintings
Materials
Canvas
Berlin K.P.M. Porcelain Plaque "Der Eremit"
The Hermit
After Salomon Koninck
Located in Los Angeles, CA
A late 19th early 20th century Berlin K.P.M. Porcelain Plaque titled "Der Eremit" (The Hermit) After the painting by Salomon Koninck (Dutch, 1609-1659)...
Category
Early 1900s German Baroque Antique Painted Paintings
Materials
Porcelain, Giltwood
Japanese Painting, Framed Panel, Dahlias and Roosters, circa 1920
Located in Kyoto, JP
Tanaka Tessen (b.1890)
Dahlias and Roosters
Taisho period, circa 1920
Framed painting. Mineral pigments and ink on silk.
Dimensions (framed):
H. 159 cm x W. 97 cm x D. 2.5 cm (62.5” x 38” x 1”)
An ornate and complex composition in which the artist explores almost the entire painting surface. The coloration is bold and evocative and the tinted silk ground recreates the warm golden glow of sunset. Soft, luminous brushwork details the black feathers of the roosters, which seem to cloud and blur in counterpoint to the sharper points of the eyes and beaks. Their brilliant red combs balance the composition, echoing the rich burgundy hues of the dahlias; the flowers exquisite and lifelike. Dahlias were an exotic subject favored by painters of the Taisho era.
The painting belongs to the school of Kyoto Nihonga, exemplifying the principles of decorative elegance and consumate brush technique with which it was intimately associated. Painters of the time relied on the Shijo school method, basing the forms of the composition from life sketches. Sometimes they were then integrated with elements derived from Chinese bird and flower...
Category
1920s Japanese Taisho Vintage Painted Paintings
Materials
Wood, Silk
Fredrik Deuker Abstract Modernist Color Block Painting Acrylic on Gesso 1950s
Located in Troy, MI
Incredible mixed media composition by Fredrik Deuker
"Crescendo" circa 1950's
Acrylic polymer on gesso coated masonite
49.25 x 37.25 inches framed
Geometric abstraction built from ...
Category
1950s American Mid-Century Modern Vintage Painted Paintings
Materials
Gesso, Acrylic, Wood, Masonite
19th Century China Trade Ship Portrait of the American Clipper Ship ORIENTAL
Located in Nantucket, MA
19th Century China Trade Ship Portrait of the American Clipper Ship ORIENTAL, under full sail on starboard tack leaving Hong Kong Harbor for Bost...
Category
1850s Hong Kong Chinese Export Antique Painted Paintings
Materials
Canvas
Vintage Austin Prods Theodore Degroot Lath Folk Wall Art Signed by the Artist
Located in Miami, FL
Original Lath Art by Austin Productions, hand painted and signed by the Dutch- American artist Theodore Degroot, circa 1970s
This charming piece features a ...
Category
1970s American Rustic Vintage Painted Paintings
Materials
Wood
$544 Sale Price
20% Off
Felix Possart Large Oil on Canvas "A Spring Alpine Journey"
By Felix Possart
Located in Los Angeles, CA
Felix Possart (German, 1837-1928) a large oil on canvas "A Spring Alpine Journey". The elongated painting depicting a mountain scene, possibly set in the Austrian or Swiss Alps, of a young man hiking in the Alps during springtime wearing Lederhosen and carrying a bucket and a water drum...
Category
Late 19th Century German Black Forest Antique Painted Paintings
Materials
Giltwood, Canvas
$12,450 Sale Price
32% Off
17th Century Korean Grapevine and Squirrel Scroll Painting, Mid Joseon Period
Located in Kyoto, JP
Anonymous. Korean, 17th century. Joseon period.
Hanging scroll. Ink on paper.
Seal: Shinso
Dimensions:
Scroll: H. 200 cm x W. 31 cm (79” x 12”)
Image: H. 122 cm x W. 29.5 cm (48” x 11.5”)
The grapevine came to China and then Korea from western Asia via the silk road trade routes. By the mid-Joseon period, it was one of the most popular subjects for Korean literati painters. Grapevines were painted as a singular subject or, less commonly, in combination with squirrels, which are associated with children due to their playful nature. Together, grapevines and squirrels embody wishes for abundant offspring and wealth.
For the Korean literati artist the twisting vines, curling tendrils and round, plump grapes provided ample opportunity for expressive "brush play”. In this painting the artist has abstracted the scene and is seemingly unconcerned with discontinuities and proportion. Vines spring up from nowhere, grapes hang in random clusters and the squirrel’s head appears as if twisted backwards. For the vines and leaves we can feel a sense of speed in the brushstrokes, imparting a dynamic feel which is at once intense and animated. This contrasts dramatically with the countless tiny strokes of ink which realistically capture the texture of the squirrel’s fur...
Category
17th Century Korean Other Antique Painted Paintings
Materials
Paper
Large Vintage Lee Reynolds Abstract Butterfly Painting, Framed
By Lee Reynolds
Located in Miami, FL
Large Vintage Lee Reynolds Abstract Butterfly Painting, Framed
Offered for sale is a large late 20th-century framed abstract painting of a...
Category
Late 20th Century American Modern Painted Paintings
Materials
Wire
$1,516 Sale Price
20% Off
18th Century Framed Oil Painting on Canvas of Nativity ~ Flemish School
Located in Dallas, TX
18th Century Framed Oil Painting on Canvas of Nativity ~ Flemish School is an amazingly inspirational work, displaying the influences of the Old Masters in the setting, composition, ...
Category
Late 18th Century Dutch Aesthetic Movement Antique Painted Paintings
Materials
Canvas, Giltwood
19th Century Romantic Oil Painting - Sheep in the Meadow - Laurens Plas - 1869
Located in Casteren, Noord-Brabant
A beautiful antique oil painting by the Dutch painter Laurens Plas.
The painting shows a romantic landscape of sheep in the meadow. A beautiful performance with a beautiful display o...
Category
1860s Dutch Romantic Antique Painted Paintings
Materials
Wood
Abstract Painting "AZ-TEP" by Venezuelan Artist Susana Amundarain
Located in Jimbaran, Bali
This abstract painting titled "AZ-TEP" was created by contemporary Venezuelan artist Susana Amundarain. Her work has been included in many group and ...
Category
Late 20th Century Venezuelan Modern Painted Paintings
Materials
Canvas, Paint
$3,200 Sale Price
20% Off
Early 19th Century European Oil on Board Portrait of a Woman with Tired Feet
Located in Chicago, IL
This charming oil on mahogany board depicts a portrait of a young woman in typical early 19th-century fashion surrounded by foliage while she sits on a rock tending to her shoe. Hous...
Category
Early 19th Century Early Victorian Antique Painted Paintings
Materials
Mahogany, Paint
Exquisite Early 20th Century French Hand Lettering Trade Sign
Located in London, GB
We are proud to offer an exquisite early 20th century French hand lettering trade sign. This is truly a unique piece of trade sign retail art in our opi...
Category
1920s French Victorian Vintage Painted Paintings
Materials
Canvas
Antique Russian Orthodox Icon St. Helena
Constantine Marcarius True Cross 1820
Located in Portland, OR
A fine & large antique Russian Orthodox icon, circa 1820.
This large antique Russian icon painted with egg tempera on wooden panel, depicts the "True Cross" to the center with Saint...
Category
1820s Russian Revival Antique Painted Paintings
Materials
Wood, Paint
Pair of Japanese Edo Six Panel Screens the Seven Sages
Located in Rio Vista, CA
Fantastic pair of 19th century Japanese late Edo/early Meiji period six-panel screens titled The seven sages of the bamboo grove. The Kano school screens...
Category
19th Century Japanese Edo Antique Painted Paintings
Materials
Brass, Gold Leaf
"Sculpting the Nude, " Monumental and Important Painting, Denmark, Belle Epoch
By Oscar Matthiesen
Located in Philadelphia, PA
Brilliantly capturing the intensity and artistry of the sculptor at work, this large and important painting by Oscar Matthiesen depicts his subject with wild, unkempt hair and a lean...
Category
Early 1900s Danish Belle Époque Antique Painted Paintings
Materials
Paint
French 19th Century Oil on Canvas "Venus Disarming Cupid" after François Boucher
Located in Los Angeles, CA
A large French 19th century oil on canvas laid on board painting in the manner of François Boucher (French, 1703-1770). The oval framed canvas depicting a version of Boucher's "Venus...
Category
Late 19th Century French Romantic Antique Painted Paintings
Materials
Canvas, Wood, Plywood
$8,450 Sale Price
32% Off
Still Life Painting, Vegetable and Fruit, Oil Painting on Canvas, 19th Century
Located in Breganze, VI
Still life artwork, oil painting on canvas, vegetable and fruit with apples, pears, nuts and celery,
cauliflower, chard, leeks, onions, garlic, carrots, aubergine. Still life painting rich and colorful.
It also has a beautiful and original golden frame from the 19th century.
The oil on canvas painting dates back to the nineteenth Century.
The antique frame and the oil painting are restored.
This still life oil painting is not signed, however, this is a French painter active in the 19th century.
Restored Painting Oil on Canvas Gilded Frame Ancient Painting...
Category
Mid-19th Century French Louis Philippe Antique Painted Paintings
Materials
Canvas
19th C. Oil on Panel, Portrait of a Lady with Lace Collar
Located in Bridgeport, CT
Unsigned. Ca. mid-19th c. portrait of a lovely seated lady wearing a black dress with a fine broad lace collar, a sign of her high status in socie...
Category
19th Century Victorian Antique Painted Paintings
Materials
Canvas, Wood
19th century oil painting of yorkshire flither pickers by Robert Farren
Located in Debenham, Suffolk
19th century oil painting of yorkshire flither pickers by robert farren circa 1890.
Painted by robert b. Farren (1832-1912)
This is a a skilfully executed and coloured oil painting...
Category
Late 19th Century English Victorian Antique Painted Paintings
Materials
Wood, Giltwood, Paint
18th Century, Venetian School Italian Landscape Oversize Painting
Located in Milano, MI
Early 18th century Italian Venetian inland painting, a large size oil on canvas Baroque mountain landscape with stream, bridge, waterfall, wayfarers and a village in the background. The woodland is animated by figures, a caravan with horsemen fishermen. This monumental Italian Baroque landscape painting has a strong impact and an excellent composition balance, as it depicts in the center the luminous perspective of a fortified village, whose side wings consist of two mountain rocks with dark wooded vegetation crowded by characters, horsemen, paths, streams.On the left side, with respect to the observer, there is a path that runs alongside a stream that flows into a waterfall in the center of the composition. from a caravan of travelers on foot and on horseback traveling along it in both directions: going up the slope on the mountainous coast you can see a church and a village near the top. The right part of the painting depicts a more sparse and dry vegetation, painted in the chromatic tones of ocher, inside of which there are dead plant, dry branches and a smaller number of figures on the rugged mountain. The iconographic inspiration of this wooded representation seems to be in the large trunk of the withered conifer in a central position, which represents a dead tree, as a? reminder of the transience of everything in life, whose phases are summarized in the two mountainous coasts. In the background a village painted in light and soft blue colors, in stark contrast to the previous scene, seems to reassure and project us into a future season.
With a suggestive theatrical effect, more than 250 cm wide, this Baroque Italian painting comes from a private collection of Milan, the canvas has been lined and shows minor painting retouches at a horizontal seam of the canvas. It is unframed, it has just a wooden profile covering the canvas edge.
It is an antique Italian landscape, the perfect opportunity to make a statement. Get the perfect size painting for a great living room, to create that eye-catching focal point. You can make an impact with a single large work by hanging this early 18th century Italian Baroque painting...
Category
Early 18th Century Italian Baroque Antique Painted Paintings
Materials
Canvas
$23,970 Sale Price
20% Off
Abstract Midcentury Oil Painting on Board Industrial Scene by F. David Taggart
Located in Sherborne, Dorset
A striking 1960s abstract painting, possibly of a Northern England Industrial street scene. Oil on board signed FD Taggart (British born 1937), with indistinctive title to the back. ...
Category
1960s British Mid-Century Modern Vintage Painted Paintings
Materials
Wood, Paint
Large Oil Painting "Still Life Floral", Oil on Canvas, Signed, H.61.5xW.51.2cm
Located in Skien, NO
Stunning oil painting framed in an exquisite gilt double wooden frame.
Title: “"Still Life Floral"”
Medium: Oil on canvas.
Year: Second half of the 20th century.
Origin: Europe
Art...
Category
20th Century European Painted Paintings
Materials
Canvas, Pine, Giltwood
$720 Sale Price
20% Off
Chinese Qing Dynasty 19th Century Official
s Wife Painting on Linen Canvas
Located in Yonkers, NY
A Chinese Qing Dynasty period framed painting from the 19th century of an official's wife with bird-adorned buzi, painted on a linen canvas. Created in the North-Eastern province of Shanxi during the Qing dynasty, this 19th century painting showcases a frontal depiction of an official's wife recognizable thanks to the bird-themed rank badge sitting on an elegant armchair with scrolling arms and carved apron. Wearing a red robe and topped with an ornate headdress, the figure is highlighted with gold foil accents and stands out beautifully on a linen canvas. The print size is 17.5"W x 41.5"H. These paintings traditionally come from Shanxi province which was home to many of the wealthy merchant families associated with the imperial court during the Qing dynasty. Set inside a custom made frame, this 19th century Qing Dynasty official's wife painting...
Category
19th Century Chinese Antique Painted Paintings
Materials
Canvas, Plexiglass, Wood
Large Framed Oil on Board: Eugène Mougin, Cottage in Beauchène France
Located in Southampton, GB
Eugène Marcel Mougin (1895–1981) was a French Post-Impressionist painter, known for his landscapes, often created using a knife technique.
Born in Paris on June 28, 1895, Mougin died...
Category
Mid-20th Century French Painted Paintings
Materials
Wood, Paint
Eugene Francis Savage (American, 1883-1978) Woman in a Hat, oil on board
Located in San Francisco, CA
a fine example of post-war abstract expressionism with its emotional and spontaneous thick impasto paint strokes conveying a deep feeling rather than realistic images; signed lower r...
Category
1950s American Expressionist Vintage Painted Paintings
Materials
Paint
19th C. Orientalist Painting Pastel Arab and Camel, desert landscape fauna Flora
Located in West Hollywood, CA
19th C. Orientalist Painting Pastel Arab and Camel, desert landscape fauna Flora . Beautiful and fine 19th century orientalist Pastel painting of an Arab Man with his camel traveling...
Category
19th Century European Antique Painted Paintings
Materials
Wood, Giltwood, Paint, Paper
$16,000 Sale Price
20% Off
Fine Antique English Watercolor Painting, Adam Style Palace Interior Rendering
Located in New York, NY
A fine antique Adam Style watercolor interior design rendering reminiscent of Osterley Park, London. Dramatic blue-grey and pale salmon tones...
Category
19th Century British Adam Style Antique Painted Paintings
Materials
Paper
French landscape painting by René Genis green “The alley of the cypresses”
By René Genis
Located in Valladolid, ES
One of a kind and very beautiful work by René Genis, a French painter known for his serene and poetic style, depicts a sown field from an unusual perspective, cut by a foreground of...
Category
1950s French Mid-Century Modern Vintage Painted Paintings
Materials
Canvas, Wood, Paint
$2,224 Sale Price
28% Off
Framed Mid Century Vintage Seascape Print Wall Decor Large 41 by 29
Located in Peoria, AZ
Absolutely Stunning!
MID CENTURY
EXPRESSIONIST SEASCAPE
Large
Approx. 29" x 41"
Beautiful Mid Century Wood Frame
This is a wonderful and eye-catching seascape!
This print and frame is in fine vintage shape with age appropriate wear.
It is a most romantic and vibrant seascape combining the unrelenting power of the sea with the sun lit heavens!
Vintage mid century prints...
Category
Mid-20th Century American Mid-Century Modern Painted Paintings
Materials
Velvet, Wood
$1,200 Sale Price
20% Off
French Vintage Framed Painting of a Cottage
Located in Baton Rouge, LA
Vintage French, early 20th century (circa 1920) oil on board painting of a quaint thatched roof cottage near Rouen. Signed by artist to the lower left; framed and ready to hang in yo...
Category
20th Century French French Provincial Painted Paintings
Materials
Gold
Silver Russian Icon Painting With Hall Marks 20thC
Located in Big Flats, NY
Silver Russian Icon Painting With Hall Marks 20thC
Measures- 5.75"H x 5"W x .25"D
A finey crafted 20th-century Russian icon featuring a silver oklad (cover) with intricate repoussé w...
Category
20th Century Painted Paintings
Materials
Paint
$360 Sale Price
20% Off
1938 Society Portrait of a Lady by Jean Albert Grand Cateret
Located in Palm Springs, CA
A wonderful pastel on paper of a society lady signed and dated 1938. The work is beautifully framed in a period frame and is under glass. The work is ny Jean Albert Grand Cateret and...
Category
1930s French Vintage Painted Paintings
Materials
Wood, Paint, Paper
Portrait of Madame Recamier 1802
Located in Queens, NY
Copy of a painting titled "Portrait of Madame Recamier 1802"
Category
Late 20th Century American Victorian Painted Paintings
Materials
Paint
Antique 1925 oil painting of the of a traditional scandinavian farm entrance
Located in Ebberup, DK
This is an antique oil painting with the slightly special motive of an entrance of an old farm, possibly with several wings, giving a glimpse of the life in Scandinavia 100 years ag...
Category
Early 20th Century Danish Romantic Painted Paintings
Materials
Paint
Early 20th Century Flower Painting by Pol C. Parmentier, 1927
By Pol C. Parmentier
Located in Casteren, Noord-Brabant
Beautiful painting, a flower still life with vibrant colors by the Belgian painter Pol C. Parmentier. Oil on canvas, the painting is framed in a wooden gilt frame, original from the ...
Category
1920s Belgian Romantic Vintage Painted Paintings
Materials
Paint
"Five Josephs, " Important Art Deco Painting w/ Male Nudes, Provincetown, 1930s
Located in Philadelphia, PA
An extraordinary example of Art Deco painting with allegorical meaning -- like so many murals painted in the 1920s and 1930s -- this large work by William L'Engle depicts five nude male figures laboring in the field, symbolizing life in Provincetown, Massachusetts. A Black male figure in the foreground is planting crops, while two other figures in the distance are pulling a rope, perhaps alluding to fishing boats tied up at the dock, while another nude seems to be sinking into sleep beneath a pier -- all with the waters of the Atlantic Ocean in the background. L'Engle called this "The Five Josephs," perhaps referring to Joseph of Arimathea and other figures in the New Testament. William L'Engle was a towering figure in the Provincetown art colony, and was extremely well connected with America's artistic elite, starting with his trip to Europe as a young man with Waldo Pierce and George Biddle. Over time, William and his life Lucy became close to a wide range of important figures in painting, theater and the arts, including Charles Hawthorne, Eugene O'Neill, Gerrit Beneker, John Dos Passos, Edmund Wilson and Mary McCarthy, William and Marguerite Zorach, Edna St. Vincent-Millay, Charles Demuth, Childe Hassam, George Biddle, Edwin Dickinson...
Category
1930s American Art Deco Vintage Painted Paintings
Materials
Paint
$28,125 Sale Price
25% Off
Troubetzkoy Medival Knight Painting
Located in Queens, NY
Copy of a painting of a faux tiled mural of monument showing a medieval knight on horse against a red background
Category
Late 20th Century American Neoclassical Painted Paintings
Materials
Paint
Antique Oil Painting, "Children Eating Cherries in the Garden", 1880
Located in Dallas, TX
A charming oil on canvas genre painting depicting the innocence of youth, the subjects of this scene are two young children on a cherry farm. A young girl with light brown hair in pi...
Category
Late 19th Century Swiss Antique Painted Paintings
Materials
Canvas, Wood, Giltwood, Paint
French Vintage Mid-Century Abstract Painting
Located in Baton Rouge, LA
This French vintage Mid-century abstract painting on canvas is signed by the artist, Katzyi. View all images to see the current condition.
Category
20th Century French Mid-Century Modern Painted Paintings
Materials
Canvas, Paint
"Dividing His Cloak , " Monumental Art Deco Ptg with Nudes, St. Martin of Tours
By Ernst Georg Martin Hildebrand
Located in Philadelphia, PA
Dramatically illustrating the legend that says that St. Martin of Tours used his sword to divide his cloak and share it with a naked beggar, this large and striking Art Deco painting depicts St. Martin riding a pale gray horse, with the beggar standing beside him, in the midst of a dark forest with starlit sky overhead. The two figures are accompanied by a running hound, and overhead a pair of geese...
Category
1930s Swedish Art Deco Vintage Painted Paintings
Materials
Paint
$14,800 Sale Price
20% Off
American Oil on Canvas Ship Captain with Spyglass in Orig, Gilt Frame, C. 1840
Located in Charleston, SC
American portrait oil on canvas of a young ship captain holding a spyglass with a sailing ship, crew in rowboat, and gulls in lower background mounted in the original decorative gilt...
Category
1840s American American Empire Antique Painted Paintings
Materials
Gesso, Canvas, Wood, Giltwood, Paint
Small French still life painting c.1960’s
By Paul Cézanne
Located in London, GB
Very pretty small French still life painting c.1960’s. Oil on board framed.
Category
Mid-20th Century French Post-Modern Painted Paintings
Materials
Paint
Japanese Screen Painting, Circa 1700
Tales of Ise
by Tosa Mitsusuke
By Tosa Mitsusuke 1
Located in Kyoto, JP
A six-fold Japanese screen by Tosa Mitsusuke (1675-1710), Japan 17th-18th century, Edo period.
The signature reads Shoroku-i ge Tosa sa Konoe Shogen Mit...
Category
Late 17th Century Japanese Edo Antique Painted Paintings
Materials
Gold Leaf
Early 18th Century 3-Panel Folding Screen, French
Located in Doylestown, PA
An early 18th century French 3-panel folding screen, oil-on-canvas, depicting village and maritime scenes in cartouches with other decoration.
Category
Early 18th Century Antique Painted Paintings
Materials
Canvas
After Raffaello Sanzio 1483-1520 Raphael La Madonna della Seggiola Oil on Canvas
Located in Los Angeles, CA
A fine Italian 19th century oil painting on canvas "La Madonna della Seggiola" after Raphael (Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino 1483-1520) The circular canvas depicting a seated Madonna holding an infant Jesus Christ next to a child Saint John the Baptist, all within a massive carved gilt wood and gesso frame (all high quality gilt is original) which is identical to the frame on Raphael's original artwork. This painting is a 19th Century copy of Raphael's Madonna della Seggiola painted in 1514 and currently exhibited and part of the permanent collection at the Palazzo Pitti, Galleria Palatina, Florence, Italy. The bodies of the Virgin, Christ, and the boy Baptist fill the whole picture. The tender, natural looking embrace of the Mother and Child, and the harmonious grouping of the figures in the round, have made this one of Raphael's most popular Madonnas. The isolated chair leg is reminiscent of papal furniture, which has led to the assumption that Leo X himself commissioned the painting, circa 1890-1900.
Subject: Religious painting
Measures: Canvas height: 29 1/4 inches (74.3 cm)
Canvas width: 29 1/4 inches (74.3 cm)
Painting diameter: 28 1/4 inches (71.8 cm)
Frame height: 57 7/8 inches (147 cm)
Frame width: 45 1/2 inches (115.6 cm)
Frame depth: 5 1/8 inches (13 cm).
Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino (Italian, March 28 or April 6, 1483 - April 6, 1520), known as Raphael, was an Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance. His work is admired for its clarity of form, ease of composition, and visual achievement of the Neoplatonic ideal of human grandeur. Together with Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci, he forms the traditional trinity of great masters of that period.
Raphael was enormously productive, running an unusually large workshop and, despite his death at 37, leaving a large body of work. Many of his works are found in the Vatican Palace, where the frescoed Raphael Rooms were the central, and the largest, work of his career. The best known work is The School of Athens in the Vatican Stanza della Segnatura. After his early years in Rome much of his work was executed by his workshop from his drawings, with considerable loss of quality. He was extremely influential in his lifetime, though outside Rome his work was mostly known from his collaborative printmaking.
After his death, the influence of his great rival Michelangelo was more widespread until the 18th and 19th centuries, when Raphael's more serene and harmonious qualities were again regarded as the highest models. His career falls naturally into three phases and three styles, first described by Giorgio Vasari: his early years in Umbria, then a period of about four years (1504–1508) absorbing the artistic traditions of Florence, followed by his last hectic and triumphant twelve years in Rome, working for two Popes and their close associates.
Raphael was born in the small but artistically significant central Italian city of Urbino in the Marche region, where his father Giovanni Santi was court painter to the Duke. The reputation of the court had been established by Federico III da Montefeltro, a highly successful condottiere who had been created Duke of Urbino by the Pope - Urbino formed part of the Papal States - and who died the year before Raphael was born. The emphasis of Federico's court was rather more literary than artistic, but Giovanni Santi was a poet of sorts as well as a painter, and had written a rhymed chronicle of the life of Federico, and both wrote the texts and produced the decor for masque-like court entertainments. His poem to Federico shows him as keen to show awareness of the most advanced North Italian painters, and Early Netherlandish artists as well. In the very small court of Urbino he was probably more integrated into the central circle of the ruling family than most court painters.
Federico was succeeded by his son Guidobaldo da Montefeltro, who married Elisabetta Gonzaga, daughter of the ruler of Mantua, the most brilliant of the smaller Italian courts for both music and the visual arts. Under them, the court continued as a centre for literary culture. Growing up in the circle of this small court gave Raphael the excellent manners and social skills stressed by Vasari. Court life in Urbino at just after this period was to become set as the model of the virtues of the Italian humanist court through Baldassare Castiglione's depiction of it in his classic work The Book of the Courtier, published in 1528. Castiglione moved to Urbino in 1504, when Raphael was no longer based there but frequently visited, and they became good friends. He became close to other regular visitors to the court: Pietro Bibbiena and Pietro Bembo, both later cardinals, were already becoming well known as writers, and would be in Rome during Raphael's period there. Raphael mixed easily in the highest circles throughout his life, one of the factors that tended to give a misleading impression of effortlessness to his career. He did not receive a full humanistic education however; it is unclear how easily he read Latin.
Early Life and Works
His mother Màgia died in 1491 when Raphael was eight, followed on August 1, 1494 by his father, who had already remarried. Raphael was thus orphaned at eleven; his formal guardian became his only paternal uncle Bartolomeo, a priest, who subsequently engaged in litigation with his stepmother. He probably continued to live with his stepmother when not staying as an apprentice with a master. He had already shown talent, according to Vasari, who says that Raphael had been "a great help to his father". A self-portrait drawing from his teenage years shows his precocity. His father's workshop continued and, probably together with his stepmother, Raphael evidently played a part in managing it from a very early age. In Urbino, he came into contact with the works of Paolo Uccello, previously the court painter (d. 1475), and Luca Signorelli, who until 1498 was based in nearby Città di Castello.
According to Vasari, his father placed him in the workshop of the Umbrian master Pietro Perugino as an apprentice "despite the tears of his mother". The evidence of an apprenticeship comes only from Vasari and another source, and has been disputed—eight was very early for an apprenticeship to begin. An alternative theory is that he received at least some training from Timoteo Viti, who acted as court painter in Urbino from 1495.Most modern historians agree that Raphael at least worked as an assistant to Perugino from around 1500; the influence of Perugino on Raphael's early work is very clear: "probably no other pupil of genius has ever absorbed so much of his master's teaching as Raphael did", according to Wölfflin. Vasari wrote that it was impossible to distinguish between their hands at this period, but many modern art historians claim to do better and detect his hand in specific areas of works by Perugino or his workshop. Apart from stylistic closeness, their techniques are very similar as well, for example having paint applied thickly, using an oil varnish medium, in shadows and darker garments, but very thinly on flesh areas. An excess of resin in the varnish often causes cracking of areas of paint in the works of both masters. The Perugino workshop was active in both Perugia and Florence, perhaps maintaining two permanent branches. Raphael is described as a "master", that is to say fully trained, in December 1500.
His first documented work was the Baronci altarpiece for the church of Saint Nicholas of Tolentino in Città di Castello, a town halfway between Perugia and Urbino. Evangelista da Pian di Meleto, who had worked for his father, was also named in the commission. It was commissioned in 1500 and finished in 1501; now only some cut sections and a preparatory drawing remain. In the following years he painted works for other churches there, including the Mond Crucifixion (about 1503) and the Brera Wedding of the Virgin (1504), and for Perugia, such as the Oddi Altarpiece. He very probably also visited Florence in this period. These are large works, some in fresco, where Raphael confidently marshals his compositions in the somewhat static style of Perugino. He also painted many small and exquisite cabinet paintings in these years, probably mostly for the connoisseurs in the Urbino court, like the Three Graces and St. Michael, and he began to paint Madonnas and portraits. In 1502 he went to Siena at the invitation of another pupil of Perugino, Pinturicchio, "being a friend of Raphael and knowing him to be a draughtsman of the highest quality" to help with the cartoons, and very likely the designs, for a fresco series in the Piccolomini Library in Siena Cathedral. He was evidently already much in demand even at this early stage in his career.
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Raphael led a "nomadic" life, working in various centres in Northern Italy, but spent a good deal of time in Florence, perhaps from about 1504. Although there is traditional reference to a "Florentine period...
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